Are reasons for the first use of drugs and family circumstances predictors of future use patterns?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between depression and illicit drug dependence among a Latin-American population. METHOD: illicit drug dependent patients (n = 137) and controls (n = 274) were interviewed using the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies, in order to detect lifetime and current depressive disorder and illicit (cocaine, cannabis or inhalants) substance dependence. A regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio for drug dependence according to the diagnosis of depression. RESULTS: The lifetime diagnosis of depression (p = 0.001; OR = 4.9; 95% CI, 1.9-12.7) predicts illegal drugs dependence. Sociodemographic variables such as male gender (p < 0.001; OR = 36.8; 95% CI, 11.8-114) and occupational situation (p = 0.002; OR = 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-13) as well as alcohol dependence (p = 0.01; OR = 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-8.7) significantly influenced depression and drug dependence. Additional influent factors detected were having parents (p = 0.006; OR = 18.9; 95% CI, 2.3-158) or friends (p < 0.001; OR = 64.4; 95% CI, 6.5-636) who are illicit drugs dependents. CONCLUSION: although a causal relationship between dependence on illicit drugs and depression cannot be determined, comparison of the sequence of events point to the occurrence of depression later in life than dependence. It remains to be determined whether depression is a comorbidity of dependence, sharing etiological factors, or a consequence of drug abuse and/or abstinence.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Influence of depression and early adverse experiences on illicit drug dependence: a case-control study

Ferigolo

Stein

Fuchs

et al. 2009

“…The bond with the school is, on its own, considered to be a factor associated with the protection against substance abuse. 16,18,[21][22][23] Empathic attitudes on the part of educators were not associated with specific educational training on drugs, but rather with a more general education such as post-graduate courses (specialisation or Master Degree), regardless of the area of study. This is an important point to reflect upon as the investment in the improvement of the general educational standards of educators would be more beneficial in terms of results than efforts to provide these professionals with specific knowledge about drugs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and attitudes related to drug abuse and prevention displayed by public school educators

Moreira

Silveira

Andreoli

2009

“…10,11,18,19,22 On the other hand, despite the fact that drug use is less intense among children sheltered at FEBEM, these rates are still more elevated than among the student population of Porto Alegre. Oppositional behavior, aggressiveness, problems of emotional control and interper-Drug use prevalence at FEBEM, Porto Alegre Ferigolo M et al sonal relationships, 20,23 sexual abuse, negligence, family conflicts, negative influences, such as drug-addicted parents, limited job opportunities, inadequate homes, crimes in the neighborhood 9,16,23,24 could be related to the use of drugs by sheltered children. These characteristics of abuse and negligence, which favor the drug consumption, were reported by the children and the institution's researching team and health professionals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalência do consumo de drogas na FEBEM, Porto Alegre

Ferigolo

Barbosa

Arbo

et al. 2004

Introduction: Different Brazilian and regional surveys detected a high prevalence of drugs use among children and adolescents, particularly among individuals under social risk conditions. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of drug use among institutionalized children and adolescents; to assess the degree of associated use of illicit drugs with alcohol and tobacco; and to determine which is the gateway drug to illicit drug use. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Fundação Estadual do Bem Estar do Menor, in Porto Alegre (FEBEM) Southern Brazil. A questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization to determine prevalence off drug use was answered anonymously by a population of literate minors who were in FEBEM because of delinquency or due to social risk. The analysis aimed to describe the frequency of use of each drug and relate it to gender, age of beginning, and reason of institutionalization. Results: A total of 382 participants answered the questionnaire. The substances most frequently used on an experimental basis were: alcohol (81,3%), tobacco (76,8%), marijuana (69,2%), cocaine (54,6%), inhalants (49,2%), anxiolytic drugs (13,4%), hallucinogens (8,4%), amphetamines (6,5%) and barbiturates (2,4%). Overall, around 80% of the respondents reported having used some illicit drug at least once in the past. Licit drugs, like alcohol and tobacco, were used mainly by males, while medicines were used mostly by females. Adolescents with delinquency records showed a significantly higher frequency of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and solvent use. The mean age of beginning was under 12 years for alcohol and tobacco use, under 13 years for marijuana and inhalants, and under 14 years for cocaine. Concomitant use of illicit and licit drugs was found to be high in this population. Conclusions: A high prevalence of precocious drug use was found among institutionalized children and adolescent, with alcohol and tobacco being used earlier than illicit drugs. Delinquent males were more likely to have used illicit drugs.Adolescents. Licit and illicit drugs. Substance abuse.Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência do uso de drogas entre crianças e adolescentes institucionalizados e avaliar o uso associado das substâncias lícitas, álcool e tabaco, com drogas ilícitas e verificar qual a droga de uso inicial para o consumo das substâncias psicoativas ilícitas. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal na Fundação Estadual do Bem-Estar do Menor do Rio Grande do Sul, na cidade de Porto Alegre. Um questionário elaborado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, anônimo, sobre o uso de drogas e sua quantificação, auto-aplicado em salas de aula, foi respondido pela população de crianças e adolescentes alfabetizados que cumpriam medidas sócio-educativas ou medidas protetivas. A análise visou descrever o uso de drogas entre os dois subgrupos levando em conta gêneros e idades de início de uso. Resultados: Os resultados foram obtidos a partir de 382 indivíduos. As substâncias mais experimentadas foram: álcool ...