“…English was framed as a ‘future’ language, with little relevance for the current place‐making that families engaged in, but essential to the place‐making they envisioned for the future, connected to higher education, resettlement to a third country, or return to a home country where English could bring opportunities (as related to returned refugees and languages of power, see, among many, Momo, 2021; Samuelson & Freedman, 2010). At the same time, our research reveals that students in Kakuma can understand, speak, read, and write very little English, despite its being a language of instruction in schools (Piper et al., 2020), echoing the dangers of submersion for learning. The hopes that any language will enable future mobilities—geographical, spatial, social, cognitive, and temporal—are not likely to be realized with experiences of submersion and other limitations on opportunities to learn languages in schools.…”