Are rocket mud stoves associated with lower indoor carbon monoxide and personal exposure in rural Kenya?

Ochieng, Caroline; Vardoulakis, Sotiris; Tonne, Cathryn

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.2012.00786.x

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The assessment of HAP among control and intervention households showed an overall reduction of 48% of 24-h PM 2.5 among intervention households, which was comparable to reductions in household air pollution for rocket stove interventions in Ghana (52%) and Kenya (33%) [22], [45]. Indoor cooking with the intervention stoves as opposed to the traditional stove was associated with a 37% reduction in 24-h PM 2.5 , which was of borderline significance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Assessing the Impact of Water Filters and Improved Cook Stoves on Drinking Water Quality and Household Air Pollution: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Rwanda

et al. 2014

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Diarrhoea and respiratory infections remain the biggest killers of children under 5 years in developing countries. We conducted a 5-month household randomised controlled trial among 566 households in rural Rwanda to assess uptake, compliance and impact on environmental exposures of a combined intervention delivering high-performance water filters and improved stoves for free. Compliance was measured monthly by self-report and spot-check observations. Semi-continuous 24-h PM2.5 monitoring of the cooking area was conducted in a random subsample of 121 households to assess household air pollution, while samples of drinking water from all households were collected monthly to assess the levels of thermotolerant coliforms. Adoption was generally high, with most householders reporting the filters as their primary source of drinking water and the intervention stoves as their primary cooking stove. However, some householders continued to drink untreated water and most continued to cook on traditional stoves. The intervention was associated with a 97.5% reduction in mean faecal indicator bacteria (Williams means 0.5 vs. 20.2 TTC/100 mL, p<0.001) and a median reduction of 48% of 24-h PM2.5 concentrations in the cooking area (p = 0.005). Further studies to increase compliance should be undertaken to better inform large-scale interventions.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01882777; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT01882777&Search=Search

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Assessing the Impact of Water Filters and Improved Cook Stoves on Drinking Water Quality and Household Air Pollution: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Rwanda

et al. 2014

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“…In rural Upper West Ghana, a study measuring the effects of a brick and mortar chimney stove intervention found that there was no significant difference in CO exposure compared to the control group, as measured during uncontrolled cooking tests [33]. Ochieng and colleagues [34] found median personal CO concentrations of primary cooks of 6.5 ppm in rural Kenyan homes using TSFs, and 4.4 ppm in homes using improved mud stoves. In Guatemala, in a colder climate with more indoor cooking, adult women cooks in the control group of the RESPIRE study experienced average 48 h exposures of 4.8 ppm (SD = 3.6), while the group with an improved plancha stove had an average exposure of 2.2 ppm (SD = 2.6).…”

Section: Comparisons With Previous Personal Co Exposure Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposures to Carbon Monoxide in a Cookstove Intervention in Northern Ghana

et al. 2019

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Biomass burning for home energy use is a major environmental health concern. Improved cooking technologies could generate environmental health benefits, yet prior results regarding reduced personal exposure to air pollution are mixed. In this study, two improved stove types were distributed over four study groups in Northern Ghana. Participants wore real-time carbon monoxide (CO) monitors to measure the effect of the intervention on personal exposures. Relative to the control group (those using traditional stoves), there was a 30.3% reduction in CO exposures in the group given two Philips forced draft stoves (p = 0.08), 10.5% reduction in the group given two Gyapa stoves (locally made rocket stoves) (p = 0.62), and 10.2% reduction in the group given one of each (p = 0.61). Overall, CO exposure for participants was low given the prevalence of cooking over traditional three-stone fires, with 8.2% of daily samples exceeding WHO Tier-1 standards. We present quantification methods and performance of duplicate monitors. We analyzed the relationship between personal carbonaceous particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM 2.5 ) and CO exposure for the dataset that included both measurements, finding a weak relationship likely due to the diversity of identified air pollution sources in the region and behavior variability.

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“…TZOA-R had a firmware bug in the internal Real Time Clock, resulting in poor time stamp mapping). However, this is not the case of the EL-USB-CO, which is an established device that has been previously used in household air pollution studies as a personal monitor 53,54 and as an indoor monitor 16,55,43,56,57 . Generally it has been used to measure CO for periods of 24h or less, although three studies have attempted to use it for longer periods 43,54,56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of low-cost monitors to assess household air pollution

Curto

Donaire-González

Barrera-Gómez

et al. 2018

Environmental Research

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Exposure to household air pollution is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. However, due to the lack of validated low-cost monitors with long-lasting batteries in indoor environments, most epidemiologic studies use self-reported data or short-term household air pollution assessments as proxies of long-term exposure. We evaluated the performance of three low-cost monitors measuring fine particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) in a wood-combustion experiment conducted in one household of Spain for 5 days (including the co-location of 2 units of HAPEX and 3 units of TZOA-R for PM and 3 units of EL-USB-CO for CO; a total of 40 unit-days). We used Spearman correlation (ρ) and Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) to assess accuracy of low-cost monitors versus equivalent research-grade devices. We also conducted a field study in India for 1 week (including HAPEX in 3 households and EL-USB-CO in 4 households; a total of 49 unit-days). Correlation and agreement at 5-min were moderate-high for one unit of HAPEX (ρ = 0.73 / CCC = 0.59), for one unit of TZOA-R (ρ = 0.89 / CCC = 0.62) and for three units of EL-USB-CO (ρ = 0.82-0.89 / CCC = 0.66-0.91) in Spain, although the failure or malfunction rate among low-cost units was high in both settings (60% of unit-days in Spain and 43% in India). Low-cost monitors tested here are not yet ready to replace more established exposure assessment methods in long-term household air pollution epidemiologic studies. More field validation is needed to assess evolving sensors and monitors with application to health studies.

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Are rocket mud stoves associated with lower indoor carbon monoxide and personal exposure in rural Kenya?

Cited by 35 publications

References 50 publications

Assessing the Impact of Water Filters and Improved Cook Stoves on Drinking Water Quality and Household Air Pollution: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Rwanda

Assessing the Impact of Water Filters and Improved Cook Stoves on Drinking Water Quality and Household Air Pollution: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Rwanda

Exposures to Carbon Monoxide in a Cookstove Intervention in Northern Ghana

Performance of low-cost monitors to assess household air pollution

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