Are semantic and phonological fluency based on the same or distinct sets of cognitive processes? Insights from factor analyses in healthy adults and stroke patients

Schmidt, Corina; Schumacher, Lena V.; Römer, Pia; Leonhart, Rainer; Beume, Lena-Alexandra; Martin, Markus; Dreßing, Andrea; Weiller, Cornelius; Kaller, Christoph P.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.02.019

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…FAS performance requires the suppression of semantically or associatively related words [Katzev et al, 2013;Luo et al, 2010;Shao et al, 2014], and is hence typically thought to involve executive processes such as strategy, initiation, and selfmonitoring [Henry and Crawford, 2004]. Categorical fluency tasks (i.e., the FAS) require more cognitively demanding resources than semantic fluency tasks [Schmidt et al, 2017], as individuals within the latter can rely on pre-existing (sub-)categorical links to retrieve responses [Schmidt et al, 2017]. Distinct functional profiles are implicated during categorical and semantic fluency tasks [Birn et al, 2010;Katzev et al, 2013], along with differences in their expression with clinical populations and focal brain lesions [Henry and Crawford, 2004;Shao et al, 2014].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

Perry

Wang

Kochan

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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Healthy aging is accompanied by a constellation of changes in cognitive processes and alterations in functional brain networks. The relationships between brain networks and cognition during aging in later life are moderated by demographic and environmental factors, such as prior education, in a poorly understood manner. Using multivariate analyses, we identified three latent patterns (or modes) linking resting-state functional connectivity to demographic and cognitive measures in 101 cognitively normal elders. The first mode (P = 0.00043) captures an opposing association between age and core cognitive processes such as attention and processing speed on functional connectivity patterns. The functional subnetwork expressed by this mode links bilateral sensorimotor and visual regions through key areas such as the parietal operculum. A strong, independent association between years of education and functional connectivity loads onto a second mode (P = 0.012), characterized by the involvement of key hub regions. A third mode (P = 0.041) captures weak, residual brain-behavior relations. Our findings suggest that circuits supporting lower level cognitive processes are most sensitive to the influence of age in healthy older adults. Education, and to a lesser extent, executive functions, load independently onto functional networks-suggesting that the moderating effect of education acts upon networks distinct from those vulnerable with aging. This has important implications in understanding the contribution of education to cognitive reserve during healthy aging. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5094-5114, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

Perry

Wang

Kochan

et al. 2017

Human Brain Mapping

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“…The verbal-abilities also assessed by the FAS (Controlled Oral Word Association Test) are closely related to those tapped into by the semantic fluency task, grouped within the language domain. The extant literature, however, from both healthy and clinical populations supports grouping the FAS and semantic fluency tasks into separate domains (Henry and Crawford, 2004;Schmidt, et al, 2017). FAS performance requires the suppression of semantically or associatively related words (Katzev, et al, 2013;Luo, et al, 2010;Shao, et al, 2014), and is hence typically thought to involve executive processes such as strategy, initiation, and self-monitoring (Henry and Crawford, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Categorical fluency tasks (i.e. the FAS) require more cognitively-demanding resources than semantic fluency tasks (Schmidt, et al, 2017), as individuals within the latter can rely on pre-existing (sub-)categorical links to retrieve responses (Schmidt, et al, 2017). Distinct functional profiles are implicated during categorical and semantic fluency tasks (Birn, et al, 2010;Katzev, et al, 2013), along with differences in their expression with clinical populations and focal brain lesions (Henry and Crawford, 2004;Shao, et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

Perry

Wang²,

Kochan³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Healthy ageing is accompanied by a constellation of changes in cognitive processes and alterations in functional brain networks. The relationships between brain networks and cognition during ageing in later life are moderated by demographic and environmental factors, such as prior education, in a poorly understood manner. Using multivariate analyses, we identify three latent patterns (or modes) linking resting-state functional connectivity to demographic and cognitive measures in 101 cognitively-normal elders. The first mode (p=0.00043) captures an opposing association between age and core cognitive processes such as attention and processing speed on functional connectivity patterns. The functional subnetwork expressed by this mode links bilateral sensorimotor and visual regions through key areas such as the parietal operculum. A strong, independent association between years of education and functional connectivity loads onto a second mode (p=0.012), characterised by the involvement of key hub-regions. A third mode (p=0.041) captures weak, residual brainbehaviour relations. Our findings suggest that circuits supporting lower-level cognitive processes are most sensitive to the influence of age in healthy older adults. Education, and to a lesser extent, executive functions, load independently onto functional networks -suggesting that the moderating effect of education acts upon networks distinct from those vulnerable with ageing. This has important implications in understanding the contribution of education to cognitive reserve during healthy ageing.

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“…Research provides evidence for intraindividual variability in cognitive control, as humans can adjust their bias towards persistence or flexibility (Dreisbach & Goschke, 2004;Zink et al, 2018). Various factors that promote particular biases have been identified, including mood (Dreisbach & Goschke, 2004), meditation-induced states (Colzato, Ozturk, & Hommel, 2012;Colzato, Sellaro, Samara, & Hommel, 2015;Colzato, Szapora, Lippelt, & Hommel, 2017;Colzato, van der Wel, Sellaro, & Hommel, 2016), and reward (Hefer & Dreisbach, 2016, 2017. Neuroscientific evidence suggests that such metacontrol biases (to use the terminology suggested by are regulated through the interplay of frontal and striatal dopaminergic pathways (Cools & D'Esposito, 2011;Cools, 2015) and/or the interplay between dopaminergic D1-receptors and D2-receptors (Durstewitz & Seamans, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How metacontrol biases and adaptivity impact performance in cognitive search tasks

2019

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Cognitive control requires a balance between persistence and flexibility. We studied inter-and intraindividual differences in the metacontrol bias towards persistence or flexibility in cognitive search tasks from various cognitive domains that require continuous switching between persistence and flexibility. For each task, clustering and switching scores were derived to assess persistence and flexibility, respectively, as well as a total performance score to reflect general performance. We compared two, not mutually exclusive accounts according to which the balance between clustering and switching scores is affected by (1) individual, trait-like metacontrol biases towards persistence or flexibility and/or (2) the metacontrol adaptivity to bias states according to changing situational demands. We found that clustering and switching scores failed to generalize across tasks. However, clustering and switching were inversely related and predicted the total performance scores in most of the tasks, which in turn partially generalized across tasks and task domains. We conclude that metacontrol-biases towards persistence or flexibility can be adapted easily to specific task demands and individual resources, possibly overwriting individual metacontrol trait biases. Moreover, we suggest that total performance scores might serve to measure metacontrol adaptivity in future studies if task-restrictions and resources are known and/ or well balanced.

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Are semantic and phonological fluency based on the same or distinct sets of cognitive processes? Insights from factor analyses in healthy adults and stroke patients

Cited by 40 publications

References 57 publications

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

The independent influences of age and education on functional brain networks and cognition in healthy older adults

How metacontrol biases and adaptivity impact performance in cognitive search tasks

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