Are Subjective Intensities Indicators of Player Load and Heart Rate in Physical Education?

Abstract

Physical education teachers need valid, low-cost, subjective techniques as an alternative to high-cost new technologies to monitor students’ intensity monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between both objective and subjective external (eTL) and internal (iTL) intensities. A total of 95 primary education students participated in this study. In this regard, 40 played soccer, and 55 performed basketball tasks, recording a total of 3956 units of analysis. The intensities caused by the different soccer and basketball tasks were measured using objective techniques (inertial devices and heart rate monitors) and subjective techniques (a sheet of task analysis and ratings of perceived exertion). Matrix scatter plots were made to show the values of two variables for a dataset. In this regard, adjustment lines were plotted to determine the trend of the correlations. Then, Spearman’s correlation was calculated to measure the association between two variables. Despite the low correlation levels obtained, the main results showed significant positive correlations between the intensities. This means that the high intensity values recorded by objective techniques also implied high intensity values recorded by subjective techniques, and vice versa. Negative correlations (r Rho = −0.19; p = 0.00) were only found between the following eTL variables: task eTL per minute (subjective technique) and player load per minute (objective technique). This negative correlation occurred when students played in the same 3 vs. 3 game situation without variability in subjective eTL (M ± SD, 28.00 ± 0.00). Therefore, subjective eTL and iTL techniques could be proposed as a suitable alternative for planning and monitoring the intensities supported by students in physical education classes. Moreover, these subjective techniques are easy to use in schools.

Analysis of Intensities Using Inertial Motion Devices in Female Soccer: Do You Train like You Compete?

“…On the other hand, the categorization of the official matches indicated a very high subjective eTL (M = 30.00). In this regard, a previous research on formative-level soccer showed that subjective eTL correlates positively with the objective eTL (PL) and iTL (HR) [11,23] Regarding the specific position of the player, there were no significant differences in subjective eTL*min in both training sessions and official matches. In contrast, there were significant differences in acc/min, dec/min, PL/min and HR in the training sessions.…”

“…These factors have been analyzed in several studies on soccer [20][21][22]. The SIATE is also a useful technique for subjectively quantifying eTL, and it is correlated with other objective and subjective intensity techniques in formative-level soccer [11,23]. The coaches and/or physical trainers also have another technique for recording subjective iTL, called the Borg scale [24].…”

Integrating Virtual Walkthroughs for Subjective Urban Evaluations: A Case Study of Neighbourhoods in Sheffield, England

“…Spearman's rank-order correlation (r s ), a non-parametric correlation coefficient, was used to study the relationship between the subjective perceptions collected through virtual walkthroughs and the objective measures of deprivation to determine whether virtual walkthroughs can effectively capture and assess citizens' perceptions of a neighbourhood's qualities, as indicated by their correlation with established measures of deprivation [51,52]. This test also helped to understand if perceptions of affordability, social inclusion, social cohesion, positive attitude, and overall rating, as captured through virtual walkthroughs, correlate with the objective measures of deprivation used in standard governmental measures, further contributing to partially answer RQ3 ('How do participants' perceptions of aesthetics, social cohesion, and other relevant factors, as captured through virtual walkthroughs, correlate with the standard objective measures of deprivation?')…”

Analyzing the bibliometric progress of sustainable monitoring and analysis of sports training loads

“…Improved methods for monitoring HR, such as heart rate variability analysis or noninvasive measurements of cardiac function, might be a subject for future study. Heart rate responses to training loads are important for optimizing performance and avoiding injury; further study might examine how hydration, nutrition, and sleep affect these responses [18,43,44].…”