Are the Central East European Countries Pollution Havens?

Martínez‐Zarzoso, Inmaculada; Vidovic, Martina; Voicu, Anca M.

doi:10.1177/1070496516670196

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Once environmental protections are tightened in LDCs, firms from developed countries then move away, and the exports of the host country (an LDC) stall (Kearsley and Riddel [3]; Kolcava et al [4]). The pollution haven hypothesis is supported in empirical studies in China (Xu et al [5], India (Rana and Sharma [6]), and East European countries (Martinez-Zarzoso et al [7]). In contrast to the pollution haven hypothesis, Porter [8] hypothesizes that if environmental protection policies are designed properly, they stimulate firms to innovate and compete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Export: Evidence from China’s Ecological Protection Red Line Policy?

2019

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China conducted a comprehensive overhaul of its environmental regulation as of April 2014. The regulation, which calls for a holistic approach to protect the environment, is also called the “Ecological Protection Red Line” (Red Line). It sets comprehensive standards for pollutants and mandates provinces to implement the regulations. The Porter and pollution haven hypotheses were tested for the impact of the Red Line on firm exports using a sample of Chinese A-share firms from 2011 to 2017. Our findings are consistent with the Porter hypothesis. The implementation of the Red Line has a positive impact on a firm’s exports. The findings are robust to alternative metrics of exports and different sub-samples. A firm’s innovation activities (in terms of research and development investments) and production efficiency were found to be the transmission channels, corroborating the underlying logic of the Porter hypothesis. Policy implications are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Essentially, LDCs are pollution havens for firms from developed countries. Kearsley and Riddel [3], Kolcava et al [4], Xu et al [5], Rana and Sharma [6], and Martinez-Zarzoso et al [7] offer cross-country or single-country evidence to support the hypothesis.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Export: Evidence from China’s Ecological Protection Red Line Policy?

2019

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“…Na tego typu zagrożenia zwraca uwagę wielu badaczy, m.in. Martinez-Zarzoso et al [2017], Dinda [2006] oraz Khanna i Plassmann [2004]. Należy dodać, że w ostatnich latach dość często z liberalizacją handlu (otwartością gospodarki) związana jest problematyka konsumpcji energii oraz rozwoju rynku finansowego.…”

Section: Liberalizacja Handlu I Jakość śRodowiskaunclassified

Theoretical reconstruction of the environmental Kuznets curve

Gruszecki¹,

Jóźwik²

2019

Gospodarka Narodowa

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Teoretyczne rekonstrukcje środowiskowej krzywej Kuznetsa Streszczenie: Celem artykułu jest przegląd ekonomicznych modeli środowiskowej krzywej Kuznetsa, które uwzględniają zjawiska konstytutywne dla współczesnej gospodarki. Dokonując przeglądu modeli, odpowiadamy na pytanie, w jaki sposób zmiana poziomu rozwoju gospodarczego mierzonego wartością PKB per capita może wpływać na degradację albo poprawę jakości środowiska oraz jakie inne czynniki-związane pośrednio z poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego-mogą mieć istotny wpływ na omawianą relację? W artykule podjęto próbę wielowymiarowej charakterystyki tego zjawiska, zestawiając różnorodne modele, co umożliwia zdefiniowanie szerszego zakresu badań tej relacji i może się przyczynić do lepszego zrozumienia jej strukturalnych własności. Z przeprowadzonych studiów literatury wiemy, że istotne dla wyniku badań hipotezy środowiskowej krzywej Kuznetsa i ich interpretacji są dokładne charakterystyki: procesu degradacji środowiska (rozróżnienie pomiędzy czynnikami natychmiastowej degradacji środowiska a zanieczyszczeniami kumulującymi się w czasie) oraz kilku czynników związanych z dochodem-PKB per capita (dochodowej elastyczności popytu na jakość środowiska, nierówności społecznych, wzrostu populacji, a także liberalizacji handlu).

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“…Earlier studies using aggregate trade did not find much evidence of a pollution haven effect. Nevertheless, new studies using more disaggregate data, and accounting for endogeneity issues and spillovers, tend to find some support for it (Broner, Bustos and Carbalho, 2012;Millimet and Roy, 2015;Martínez-Zarzoso et al, 2016).…”

Section: The Impact Of Trade Liberalisation On the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do deep and comprehensive regional trade agreements help in reducing air pollution?

Martínez‐Zarzoso

Oueslati

2018

Int Environ Agreements

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Environmental concerns are increasingly being incorporated into regional trade agreements (RTAs) to promote environmental quality and ultimately ensure compatibility between trade and environmental policies. This occurs in a context where air pollution and its effects on human health are of major concern. This paper investigates whether the proliferation and depth of environmental provisions (EPs) in RTAs are associated with lower concentration levels of particulate matter. We present an index of EPs in RTAs that measures the breadth and depth of the provisions and use it to estimate the effect of ratifying RTAs with different levels of EPs on changes in PM 2.5 concentration levels in a panel of OECD countries over the 1999-2011 period. Using an instrumental variables strategy, we find that countries that have ratified RTAs with EPs show lower levels of PM 2.5 concentrations when we control for scale, composition and technique effects and for national environmental regulations. Moreover, the PM 2.5 concentration levels in the pairs of countries that belong to an RTA with EPs tend to converge for the country sample. The results also hold for a longer period of time and a broader sample of 173 countries as well as for other pollutants, namely CO 2 and NO 2 .succeeded in integrating environmental issues in multilateral trade negotiations 1 , usually leaving these issues to environmental multilateral agreements (MEAs). Until now, MEAs have been focused on particular aspects related to global (e.g. Kyoto) and local climate change (Montreal Protocol), or conservation and biodiversity (CITES), among many other issues. However, their effectiveness is far from being generally recognized 2 .An increasing number of recently ratified RTAs have introduced environmental provisions (EPs) in the main text of the RTAs or in accompanying side agreements.These provisions aim to protect the environment and establish methods of collaborating on environmental issues (Morin and Jinnah, 2018;Yoo and Kim, 2015).The breadth and depth of the provisions vary widely by agreement. At a minimum, new RTAs tend to incorporate environmental issues in the preamble or in some articles dealing with investment issues or exceptions. Other RTAs include a chapter dedicated exclusively to environmental matters, whereas in some cases, environmental aspects are covered in a side agreement 3 . This paper advances the current status of the literature body on the nexus of international trade, trade agreements and the environment in two fronts. First, by categorizing RTAs according to the breadth and the depth of the EPs included in the RTAs or in the corresponding side agreements. This categorization is new 4 , theoretically reliable, replicable and justifiable and is used to further investigate the effects of trade agreements on environmental quality. Second, we focus on the effect of RTAs with EPs on PM 2.5 5 population weighted concentrations and explore whether the inclusion of most comprehensive EPs in RTAs is associated with higher air quality in th...

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Are the Central East European Countries Pollution Havens?

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Export: Evidence from China’s Ecological Protection Red Line Policy?

The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Firm Export: Evidence from China’s Ecological Protection Red Line Policy?

Theoretical reconstruction of the environmental Kuznets curve

Do deep and comprehensive regional trade agreements help in reducing air pollution?

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