Are the toxicological effects of scorpion envenomation related to tissue venom concentration?

Ismail, M.; Abd-Elsalam, M.A.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(88)90215-2

Cited by 105 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…TAS appears to be critical because scorpion venom propagates very rapidly through the victim's body, as proven in clinical and experimental reports (29)(30)(31)(32)(33). The elapsed periods between the time of sting and first medical aid were 2.4, 3.3 and 3.5 hours, respectively, for the mild, moderate and severe envenomation groups (p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpion stings in children in fez, Morocco

Abourazzak¹,

Achour²,

Arqam³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Scorpion stings are a public health problem in Morocco, especially among children, who experience the most severe cases. Epidemiological and clinical findings on scorpion stings in Fez, Morocco, were evaluated in this investigation. Of 163 cases that required medical attention, 62.6% were male children. The mean age of patients was 4.8 ± 3.4 years. The mean time between stings and first medical attention was 3.36 ± 2.5 hours. Almost all cases occurred in the summer (94%) and extremities represented the most frequent sting sites (86.5%). Local pain, hyperemia, scarification, vomiting, sweating, restlessness, tachycardia and tachypnea were the observed clinical symptoms. Regarding severity, 55.2% of patients belonged to class III, followed by class II (26.4%) and class I (18.4%). None of our patients received antivenom; however, all of them were treated symptomatically depending on clinical manifestations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpion stings in children in fez, Morocco

Abourazzak¹,

Achour²,

Arqam³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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“…Pharmacokinetic studies of the venom of several scorpions have been reported in the literature (10,11,(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Santana et al (23) have explained the disposition of scorpion venom in adult animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age effects on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats

Nunan

Arya

Hochhaus

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The pharmacokinetics of scorpion venom and its toxins has been investigated in experimental models using adult animals, although, severe scorpion accidents are associated more frequently with children. We compared the effect of age on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin, one of the most active principles of Tityus serrulatus venom, in young male/female rats (21-22 days old, N = 5-8) and in adult male rats (150-160 days old, N = 5-8). Tityustoxin (6 µg) labeled with 99m Technetium was administered subcutaneously to young and adult rats. The plasma concentration vs time data were subjected to non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis to obtain estimates of various pharmacokinetic parameters such as total body clearance (CL/ F), distribution volume (Vd/F), area under the curve (AUC), and mean residence time. The data were analyzed with and without considering body weight. The data without correction for body weight showed a higher C max (62.30 ± 7.07 vs 12.71 ± 2.11 ng/ml, P < 0.05) and AUC (296.49 ± 21.09 vs 55.96 ± 5.41 ng h -1 ml -1 , P < 0.05) and lower T max (0.64 ± 0.19 vs 2.44 ± 0.49 h, P < 0.05) in young rats. Furthermore, Vd/F (0.15 vs 0.42 l/kg) and CL/F (0.02 ± 0.001 vs 0.11 ± 0.01 l h -1 kg -1 , P < 0.05) were lower in young rats. However, when the data were reanalyzed taking body weight into consideration, the C max (40.43 ± 3.25 vs 78.21 ± 11.23 ng kg -1 ml -1 , P < 0.05) and AUC (182.27 ± 11.74 vs 344.62 ± 32.11 ng h -1 ml -1 , P < 0.05) were lower in young rats. The clearance (0.03 ± 0.002 vs 0.02 ± 0.002 l h -1 kg -1 , P < 0.05) and Vd/F (0.210 vs 0.067 l/kg) were higher in young rats. The raw data (not adjusted for body weight) strongly suggest that age plays a pivotal role in the disposition of tityustoxin. Furthermore, our results also indicate that the differences in the severity of symptoms observed in children and adults after scorpion envenomation can be explained in part by differences in the pharmacokinetics of the toxin.

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“…Absorption of the venom from scorpion -sting site occurs in 7-8 hours. 70% of maximum concentration of venom in the blood will be reached within 15 minutes and then time needed to reach maximum venom blood concentration is 101 ± 8 minutes in experimental animals, half-life of intravenously injected venom is between 4 to 7 minutes and takes 4.2 to 13.4 hours for elimination from blood [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocarditis with Hypotension after a Scorpion Sting

Erraboina¹,

Reddy²,

Reddy³

et al. 2017

JCR

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Background: Scorpion stings are common in India and painful but rarely life-threatening. Young children and sometimes the very old are at risk of serious complications. Case Report: A 24 year old female patient was referred with myocarditis after a scorpion sting on left point finger. The patient was treated with noradrenaline, epinephrine, and dopamine infusion. After a week of therapy, patient was discharged following recovery. Conclusion: This case report emphasizes the occurrence of myocarditis after severe scorpion sting.

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Are the toxicological effects of scorpion envenomation related to tissue venom concentration?

Cited by 105 publications

References 49 publications

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpion stings in children in fez, Morocco

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpion stings in children in fez, Morocco

Age effects on the pharmacokinetics of tityustoxin from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in rats

Myocarditis with Hypotension after a Scorpion Sting

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