Are there age-related differences in learning to optimize speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure?

Welsh, Timothy N.; Higgins, Laura; Elliott, Digby

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2007.04.004

Cited by 61 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…They also made a higher number of hand trajectory corrections and corrective saccades in the homing-in phase. These observations were in line with findings from previous studies (Boisseau et al 2002;Ketcham et al 2002;Lyons et al 1996;Pratt et al 1994;Welsh et al 2007) where similar adaptations of aiming behavior by older adults have been reported. The effects of physical activity level on aiming behavior appeared, nonetheless, to be inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In older adults, these alterations are considered to reflect decreased efficiency in the processing of visual feedback or adoption of a play-it-safe strategy. Evidence for these two changes in behavior has been found in other work from our lab (Van Halewyck et al 2015b) and elsewhere (Welsh et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Older adults adapt their manual aiming behavior by making shorter amplitude primary movements (Lyons et al 1996). This outcome is considered to reflect an increased dependence on limb-target control (Lyons et al 1996;Seidler-Dobrin and Stelmach 1998) which possibly allows older adults to achieve the same level of endpoint accuracy as young adults (Boisseau et al 2002;Ketcham et al 2002;Lyons et al 1996;Welsh et al 2007). The increased dependence on limb-target control in older adults may perhaps be explained by a decline in proprioceptive acuity (Adamo et al 2007;Adamo et al 2009;Herter et al 2014;Kokmen et al 1978;Wright et al 2011;see Goble et al 2009, for a review), impaired efficiency of feedback processing (Rand and Stelmach 2011;Stelmach et al 1988;Temprado et al 2013;Van Halewyck et al 2015b), or both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference?

Helsen

Halewyck

Levin

et al. 2016

AGE

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The present study examines whether nonactive older adults are more dependent on visual information when executing aiming movements and whether age-related declines in proprioception play a mediating role herein. Young (N = 40) and older adults (N = 38) were divided into physically active and non-active subgroups based on self-reported sports participation levels. In experiment 1, participants executed wrist-aiming movements with and without visual feedback. In experiment 2, passive proprioceptive acuity was assessed using wrist motion detection and position matching tests. Results showed similar aiming accuracy across age groups both with and without visual feedback, but older adults exhibited longer movement times, prolonged homing-in phase, and made more corrective submovements. Passive proprioceptive acuity was significantly affected by physical activity level and age, with participants in the active group scoring better than their non-active peers. However, these declines did not predict performance changes on the aiming task. Taken together, our observations suggest that decline in proprioceptive acuity did not predict performance changes on the aiming task and older adults were able to compensate for their decreased motion and position sense when allowed sufficient time. In line with these observations, we proposed that older adults are able to compensate for their decline in proprioception by increasing their reliance on predictive models.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference?

Helsen

Halewyck

Levin

et al. 2016

AGE

Self Cite

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“…As the motor control is based on information arising from internal models, the observed increased need for corrective sub-movements supported an age-related alteration of these models. However, other studies evidenced an absence of age-related differences in the number of sub-movements per movement (Seidler-Dobrin and Stelmach 1998), the proportion of movements containing a secondary sub-movement (Pratt et al 1994) and the spatial location of the end of the primary submovement (Seidler-Dobrin and Stelmach 1998;Welsh et al 2007). Nevertheless, due to the knowledge of the result inherent in aiming movements to visual targets, a learning effect that could enable older adults to compensate for a possible alteration of the internal models cannot be ruled out from the discussion of these latter studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The second method divides the movement into initial and secondary sub-movements (Ketcham et al 2002;Lyons et al 1996;Pratt et al 1994;SeidlerDobrin and Stelmach 1998;Welsh et al 2007;Yan et al 2000). In this method, a sub-movement is considered to have ended when the acceleration profile changes from negative to positive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing of internal models: from a continuous to an intermittent proprioceptive control of movement

Boisgontier

Nougier

2012

AGE

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To control the sensory-motor system, internal models mimic the transformations between motor commands and sensory signals. The present study proposed to assess the effects of physiological adult ageing on the proprioceptive control of movement and the related internal models. To this aim, one group of young adults and one group of older adults performed an ankle contralateral concurrent matching task in two speed conditions (self-selected and fast). Error, temporal and kinematic variables were used to assess the matching performance. The results demonstrated that older adults used a different mode of control as compared to the young adults and suggested that the internal models of proprioceptive control were altered with ageing. Behavioural expressions of these alterations were dependent upon the considered condition of speed. In the self-selected speed condition, this alteration was expressed through an increased number of corrective sub-movements in older adults as compared to their young peers. This strategy enabled them to reach a level of end-point performance comparable to the young adults' performance. In the fast speed condition, older adults were no more able to compensate for their impaired internal models through additional corrective sub-movements and therefore decreased their proprioceptive control performance. These results provided the basis for a model of proprioceptive control of movement integrating the internal models theory and the continuous and intermittent modes of control. This study also suggested that motor control was affected by the frailty syndrome, i.e. a decreased resistance to stressors, which characterises older adults.

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How the mode of action affects evidence of planning and movement kinematics in aging: End‐state comfort in older adults

Scharoun

Gonzalez

Roy

et al. 2015

Developmental Psychobiology

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Motor deficits are commonly observed with age; however, it has been argued that older adults are more adept when acting in natural tasks and do not differ from young adults in these contexts. This study assessed end-state comfort and movement kinematics in a familiar task to examine this further. Left- and right-handed older adults picked up a glass (upright or overturned) as if to pour water in four modes of action (pantomime, pantomime with image/cup as a guide, actual grasping). With increasing age, a longer deceleration phase (in pantomime without a stimulus) and less end-state comfort (in pantomime without a stimulus and image as a guide) was displayed as the amount of contextual information available to guide movement decreased. Changes in movement strategies likely reflect an increased reliance on feedback control and demonstration of a more cautious movement. A secondary aim of this study was to assess hand preference and performance, considering conflicting reports of manual asymmetries with age. Performance differences in the Grooved Pegboard place task indicate left handers may display a shift towards right handedness in some, but not all cases. Summarizing, this study supports age-related differences in planning and control processes in a familiar task, and changes in manual asymmetries with age in left handers.

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Are there age-related differences in learning to optimize speed, accuracy, and energy expenditure?

Cited by 61 publications

References 29 publications

Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference?

Manual aiming in healthy aging: does proprioceptive acuity make the difference?

Ageing of internal models: from a continuous to an intermittent proprioceptive control of movement

How the mode of action affects evidence of planning and movement kinematics in aging: End‐state comfort in older adults

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