“…Cumulative patterns, i.e., increasing differences in performance and variance between students over time, have been described by a number of studies in reading and mathematics (e.g., Bast & Reitsma, 1997;Bodovski & Farkas, 2007;Kempe, Eriksson-Gustavsson, & Samuelsson, 2011;Leppänen, Niemi, Aunola, & Nurmi, 2004;Williamson, Appelbaum, & Epanchin, 1991). This effect, with biblical reference, is also called Matthew effect (Stanovich, 1986).…”