Are Tobacco Control Policies Effective in Reducing Young Adult Smoking?

Farrelly, Matthew C.; Loomis, Brett; Kuiper, Nicole M.; Han, Beth; Gfroerer, Joseph; Caraballo, Ralph S.; Pechacek, Terry F.; Couzens, George

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.09.015

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The successes in decreased tobacco use in California is likely due to concerted efforts of early and comprehensive tobacco prevention and control (Messer & Pierce, 2010; Pierce et al, 2010). Other states have also had successes in reducing prevalence of cigarette use and related morbidity and mortality (Farrelly et al, 2013, 2014; Kuiper, Nelson, & Schooley, 2005). It was expected that California would exhibit greater success in tobacco control than the rest of the US, however the differential and strong effects for racial/ethnic minority groups is both striking and an indicator of success in reducing tobacco disparities in California.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use disparities by racial/ethnic groups: California compared to the United States

Sakuma

Felicitas-Perkins

Blanco

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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Racial/ethnic disparities in cigarette use and cessation persist. This study compared cigarette consumption and former smoking trends in California (CA) with the rest of the United States (US) by racial/ethnic categories of non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian/Pacific Islander groups. Data were analyzed from the 1992 to 2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Consumption levels across decades were examined and adjusted logistic regression models were fit to compare across CA and US. Results indicated steady declines in ever smoking prevalence for all groups with much lower magnitudes of change among US Blacks and Whites compared to their CA counterparts. After controlling for age, gender, and education, CA had significantly fewer heavy smokers (OR = 0.45, 95% CI:0.38–0.54), more light and intermittent smokers (LITS; OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.45–1.93), and a greater proportion of former smokers (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.24–1.48) than the rest of US. Data were stratified by race/ethnicity and the patterns shown were mostly consistent with CA performing statistically better than their US counterparts with the exception of Black LITS and Asian/Pacific Islander former smokers. California's success in reducing tobacco use disparities may serve as a prime example of tobacco control policy for the country. CA and the US will need to continue to address tobacco use and cessation in the context of the growing diversity of the population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use disparities by racial/ethnic groups: California compared to the United States

Sakuma

Felicitas-Perkins

Blanco

et al. 2016

Preventive Medicine

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“…With 40% of India's population 16 under the age of 19 years, efforts targeted at curbing tobacco and supari use among adolescents are critical to protect this vulnerable group from addiction and reduce the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. Tobacco prevention policies and programs have been found to be effective in preventing initiation among adolescents and youth 17,18 . In India, the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), enacted in 2003, provides directives for the regulation of trade and commerce, advertising, production, supply and distribution of cigarettes and other tobacco products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does adding a psychosocial cessation intervention to an existing life-skills and tobacco-prevention program influence the use of tobacco and supari among secondary school students?: Findings from a quasi-experimental trial in Mumbai, India

Chatterjee¹,

Gupte²,

Mandal³

et al. 2019

Tob. Prev. Cessation

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INTRODUCTION This study aimed to test whether school-going adolescents who self-report tobacco and/or supari use are more likely to quit if a school-based psychosocial cessation intervention is added to an existing life-skills and tobaccoprevention program. METHODS A quasi-experimental trial with pre-test and post-test 20 weeks after the intervention was conducted with students from low-income families in 12 schools in Mumbai; six schools were randomly assigned to the intervention and the remaining to the comparison condition. Participants were students from grades 7, 8 and 9 who self-reported tobacco and/or supari use. Intervention schools received six sessions of LifeFirst, a psychosocial group-based tobacco cessation intervention program, in addition to SuperArmy, a school-wide lifeskills and tobacco-prevention program. Trained counselors facilitated the cessation intervention, which spanned five months. All students in comparison schools received only SuperArmy. The outcome measures were self-reported use of tobacco-only, supari-only, and tobacco plus supari in the past 30 days. RESULTS The number of all users decreased by 19.1% in the intervention and 18.7% in the comparison schools at post-test. Although this reduction was significant (p<0.001) within each group, the difference between intervention and comparison schools was not significant. Further segregation by type of product used showed that for tobacco-only users there was a non-significant increase of 1.7% in intervention schools, and a significant 26.2% increase (p<0.001) in the comparison group. Tobacco plus supari use declined in both groups; however, supari-only use fell by 14.8% in the intervention and 32.7% in the comparison schools (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The combination of a cessation intervention along with the life-skills and tobacco-prevention program appear to have halted tobacco-only use in the intervention group. Future research needs to determine whether students are substituting supari for tobacco and to understand the psychological mechanisms underlying the cessation intervention and the interaction between cessation and prevention-only interventions.

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“…While smoke-free policies assist in improving the health of non-smokers they also appear to impact on the health of smokers by reducing the amount of cigarettes smoked per day and to support motivation for cessation [ 5 ]. A US study found smoke-free laws (which included bans in at least one location including workplaces, restaurants and bars) were associated with decreased current and established smoking, but not with past year initiation among young adults [ 13 ]. Others have found total smoking bans to be more likely to promote quit attempts compared to partial smoking bans [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross sectional evaluation of a total smoking ban at a large Australian university

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTotal smoking bans have been found to contribute positively to the health of non-smokers by reducing exposure to second-hand smoke, and to enhance the likelihood of cessation among smokers.MethodsTwo cross-sectional electronic surveys of staff and students at a large Australian university were conducted prior (n = 969) and 1 year post (n = 670) the implementation of a smoke free campus policy. Demographics, tobacco use, intention to quit, attitudes towards smoking and smoking restrictions and awareness of and attitudes towards the campus smoking policy were measured.ResultsExposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) reduced significantly (p < 0.001) one year after policy implementation. Smoking prevalence was similar at both time periods (T1 9.3 %; T2 8.4 %) and over half of smokers indicated they were planning to quit smoking in the future (T1 65.5 vs T2 62.3 %). There was a significant increase in positive responses to the statement the campus should be totally smoke free including all outdoor areas at T2 compared to T1 (T1 60.8 vs T2 71.4 %; p < 0.001), however respondents felt there should be places on campus for smokers to smoke (T1 53.6 vs T2 47 %; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study found a significant positive difference in exposure SHS after implementation of the total ban. Although prevalence of smoking in this study was low, the proportion of respondents who were contemplating smoking cessation suggests support for smokers would be beneficial. Continued awareness raising, education and enforcement is likely to enhance the long term outcomes of the total ban.

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Are Tobacco Control Policies Effective in Reducing Young Adult Smoking?

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Tobacco use disparities by racial/ethnic groups: California compared to the United States

Tobacco use disparities by racial/ethnic groups: California compared to the United States

Does adding a psychosocial cessation intervention to an existing life-skills and tobacco-prevention program influence the use of tobacco and supari among secondary school students?: Findings from a quasi-experimental trial in Mumbai, India

A cross sectional evaluation of a total smoking ban at a large Australian university

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