Are travelers substituting between transportation network companies (TNC) and public buses? A case study in Pittsburgh

Grahn, Rick; Qian, Sean; Matthews, H. Scott; Hendrickson, Chris

doi:10.1007/s11116-020-10081-4

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Researchers contrastingly find no clear association between peakhour ride-hailing use and longer-term changes in public transit use (Feigon and Murphy, 2018), falling transit ridership following ride-hailing's entrance into a market (Malalgoda and Lim, 2019, Babar and Burtch, 2020, Graehler et al, 2019, Clewlow and Mishra, 2017, and that ride-hailing serves as a complement for the average transit agency (Hall et al, 2018). Notably, research also finds that transit may also substitute for ride-hailing trips, particularly during times of high ride-hailing demand (Grahn et al, 2020). To date, just one study has examined the association between ride-hailing and transit deserts: Jiao and Wang (2020) find less ride-hailing travel in transit deserts, which they suggest may be due to lower levels of ride-hailing vehicle supply or less awareness of ride-hailing services among groups that depend on transit.…”

Section: Is Ride-hailing a Complement Or Substitute To Transit?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?

Barajas

Brown

2021

Journal of Transport Geography

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Transit has long connected people to opportunities but access to transit varies greatly across space. In some cases, unevenly distributed transit supply creates gaps in service that impede travelers' abilities to cross space and access jobs or other opportunities. With the advent of ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft, however, travelers now have a new potential to gain automobility without high car purchase costs and in the absence of reliable transit service. Research remains mixed on whether ride-hailing serves as a modal complement or substitute to transit or whether ride-hailing fills transit service needs gaps. This study measures transit supply in Chicago and compares it to ride-hailing origins and destinations to examine if ridehailing fills existing transit service gaps. Findings reveal clustering of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs across the City of Chicago, but that the number of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs was most strongly associated with high neighborhood median household income rather than measures of transit supply. In bivariate analyses, transit service was not associated with ridehailing trip ends. But after controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic status, transit dependency, population density, and employment density, we found fewer ride-hailing trips in neighborhoods where bus service dominated and significantly more ride-hailing trips where rail service was prevalent. Patterns were slightly different for overnight weekend ride-hailing pickups , where higher transit density predicted a greater number of trips in nearby tracts. Additional research and policy is needed to ensure that ride-hailing services provide travel options to those who need them the most and fill transit gaps in low-income communities when options to increase service are limited.

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Section: Is Ride-hailing a Complement Or Substitute To Transit?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?

Barajas

Brown

2021

Journal of Transport Geography

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show abstract

“…Researchers contrastingly find no clear association between peakhour ride-hail use and longer-term changes in public transit use (Feigon and Murphy, 2018), falling transit ridership following ride-hailing's entrance into a market (Malalgoda and Lim, 2019, Babar and Burtch, 2020, Graehler et al, 2019, Clewlow and Mishra, 2017, and that ride-hailing serves as a complement for the average transit agency (Hall et al, 2018). Notably, research also finds that transit may also substitute for ride-hail trips, particularly during times of high ride-hail demand (Grahn et al, 2020). To date, just one study has examined the association between ride-hail and transit deserts: Jiao and Wang (2020) find less ride-hail travel in transit deserts, which they suggest may be due to lower levels of ride-hail vehicle supply or less awareness of ride-hail services among transit dependent populations.…”

Section: Is Ride-hailing a Complement Or Substitute To Transit?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Minding the Gap: Does Ride-Hailing Serve Transit Deserts?

Barajas¹,

Brown²

2020

Preprint

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Transit has long connected people to opportunities but access to transit varies greatly across space. In some cases, unevenly distributed transit supply creates transit service needs gaps which may impede travelers' abilities to cross space and access jobs or other opportunities. With the advent of ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft, however, travelers now have a new potential to gain automobility without high car purchase costs and in the absence of reliable transit service. Research remains mixed on whether ride-hailing serves as a modal complement or substitute to transit or whether ride-hailing serves to fill transit service needs gaps. This study measures transit supply in Chicago and compares it to ride-hail origins and destinations to examine if ride-hailing fills existing transit service gaps. Findings reveal clustering of ride-hail pickups and drop-offs across the City of Chicago, but that the number of ride-hail pickups and drop-offs is most strongly associated with high neighborhood median household income rather than measures of transit supply. At the same time, temporal variations in transit supply and ride-hail trips suggest that a potential complement between transit and ride-hailing exists at select times. Policymakers should consider ways to encourage ride-hailing companies to fill transit gaps in low-income communities when options to increase service are limited.

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“…In a study of New York TNC demand, Gerte et al found that precipitation and increased subway demand were both positively correlated with TNC demand (16). Grahn et al examined the substitution between TNCs and public buses in Pittsburgh (17). They found a substitutional relationship, but also found that the relationship was highly variable throughout the day and across space.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the Subway Disruption Regimes of Switching Subway to Uber in Toronto

Hawkins

Habib

2020

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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The evolving relationship between public transit and transportation network companies (TNCs), such as Uber and Lyft, is of great interest to government agencies and has seen much critical attention in the academic literature. In this paper, we focus on the demand for TNC trips (also known as ride-hailing trips) during the disruption of the subway service. We combined a detailed dataset of Uber trips made in Toronto, Canada during the period September 2016 to August 2018 and subway disruption data provided by the Toronto Transit Commission. These data were used to examine the question: how long are subway users willing to wait during a disruption before switching modes? This question was framed as a threshold point, and an innovative structural threshold regression model was used to obtain an answer. Controlling for environmental and location-specific factors in the model, it was revealed that subway users in Toronto tend to switch to Uber after a service delay of as little as 3 min, with an average result of 7 min and an upper bound of 12 min.

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Are travelers substituting between transportation network companies (TNC) and public buses? A case study in Pittsburgh

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?

Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?

Not Minding the Gap: Does Ride-Hailing Serve Transit Deserts?

Finding the Subway Disruption Regimes of Switching Subway to Uber in Toronto

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