“…First, a dramatic increase in cash reserves has been noticed in both U.S. firms and firms abroad in recent years (Almeida et al, ; Bates, Chang, & Chi, ; Cole, ; Le Guyader, ; Marcum, Martin, & Strickland, ; Marcum, Martin, & Strickland, ; Orlova & Rao, ; Phan, Nguyen, Nguyen, & Hegde, ; Prescott, ). Among nonfinancial S&P 500 firms, cash holdings increased fivefold from 1996 to 2012, reaching $1,334 billion (Almeida et al, ).…”