Are We Missing the Importance of Missing Values in HIV Prevention Randomized Clinical Trials? Review and Recommendations

Harel, Ofer; Pellowski, Jennifer; Kalichman, Seth C.

doi:10.1007/s10461-011-0125-6

Cited by 33 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Missing data can introduce bias into a study if appropriate analytical steps are not taken 50. Among studies that reported how they treated missing data, three excluded participants with missing data,3 40–44 three used modelling techniques that accounted for missing data29 34 35 49 and one used imputation 33.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of web-based diaries in sexual risk behaviour research: a systematic review

Stalgaitis

Glick

2014

Sex Transm Infect

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Background An increasing number of studies have utilized the diary method, which provides quantitative event-level data about sexual encounters. Diaries are an attractive tool for sexual behavior research, yet little is known about the range of uses, methodological issues, and best practices associated with this technology. Objectives To conduct a systematic review of the literature regarding the use of web-based diaries in sexual risk behavior studies. Design Systematic review. Data Sources Five bibliographic databases, supplemented by references from previous reviews. Methods Eligible studies were published in English before August 2013, used the Internet to transmit data from collection device to study staff, and measured behaviors affecting HIV or STI transmission risk. The primary author conducted an initial screen to eliminate irrelevant articles. Both authors conducted full-text reviews to determine final articles. We abstracted data on diary methodology, validity, and reactivity (behavior change caused by diary completion). Results Twenty-three articles representing 15 studies were identified. Most diaries were collected daily for one month via websites, and completion was generally high (>80%). Compensation varied by study and was not associated with completion. Studies comparing diary to retrospective survey data demonstrated evidence of overreporting on retrospective tools, except for the least frequent behaviors. Most studies that assessed reactivity as a result of diary completion demonstrated some change in behavior associated with frequent monitoring. Conclusions Web-based diaries are an effective means of studying sexual risk behavior. More uniform reporting and further research on the extent of reactivity are needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of web-based diaries in sexual risk behaviour research: a systematic review

Stalgaitis

Glick

2014

Sex Transm Infect

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“…Among the options available for managing missing values, we selected to analyze all available data because we assume the missingness is not systematic and does not have direct bearing on our statistical models. (30) We chose not to remove participants with incomplete data (i.e., complete case analysis) and we did not impute missing values. For all analyses, groups were compared using logistic regression models with odds ratios and significance defined as p < .05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Suppression and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Alcohol Using HIV-Positive Adults

et al. 2013

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Background Substance use is a known predictor of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapies (ART) in people living with HIV/AIDS. Less studied is the association between substance use and treatment outcomes, namely suppression of HIV replication. Methods Adults living with HIV (N=183) who reported alcohol use in the previous week and receiving ART were observed over a 12-month period. Participants completed computer interviews, monthly-unannounced pill counts to monitor ART adherence, and daily cell-phone delivered interactive-text assessments for alcohol use. HIV viral load was collected at baseline and 12-month follow-up from medical records. Analyses compared participants who had undetectable HIV viral loads at baseline and follow-up (sustained viral suppression) to those with unsustained viral suppression. Analyses also compared participants who were adherent to their medications (> 85% pills taken) over the year of observation to those who were non-adherent. Results Fifty- two percent of participants had unsustained viral suppression; 47% were ART non-adherent. Overall results failed to demonstrate alcohol use as a correlate of sustained viral suppression or treatment adherence. However, alcohol use was associated with non-adherence among participants who did not have sustained viral suppression; non-adherence in unsustained viral suppression patients was related to drinking on fewer days of assessment, missing medications when drinking, and drinking socially. Conclusions Poor HIV treatment outcomes and non-adherence were prevalent among adults treated for HIV infection who drink alcohol. Drinking in relation to missed medications and drinking in social settings are targets for interventions among alcohol drinkers at greatest risk for poor treatment outcomes.

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“…Analyses used a complete case approach to missing values (<5% missing on any variable). 16 Results report ORs with 95% CIs.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing it home: community survey of HIV risks to primary sex partners of men and women in alcohol-serving establishments in Cape Town, South Africa

Pitpitan

Eaton

et al. 2012

Sex Transm Infect

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BackgroundConcurrent sexual relationships facilitate the spread of HIV infection, and sex with non-primary partners may pose particularly high risks for HIV transmission to primary partners.ObjectiveWe examined the sexual and alcohol-related risks associated with sex partners outside of primary relationships among South African men and women in informal drinking establishments.MethodsMen (n=4959) and women (n=2367) with primary sex partners residing in a Xhosa-speaking South African township completed anonymous surveys. Logistic regressions tested associations between having outside partners and risks for sexually transmitted infections (STI)/HIV.ResultsForty-four percent of men and 26% women with primary sex partners reported also having outside sex partners in the previous month. Condom use with outside partners was inconsistent for men and women; only 19% of men and 12% of women used condoms consistently with outside sex partners. Multivariable regressions for men and women showed that having outside partners was significantly associated with having been diagnosed with an STI, consuming alcohol in greater frequency and quantity, alcohol use during sex, meeting sex partners in alcohol-serving venues, and higher rates of unprotected sex.ConclusionsHaving outside sex partners was associated with multiple risk factors for HIV infection among South African shebeen patrons. Social and structural interventions that encourage condom use are needed for men and women with outside partners who patronise alcohol-serving venues.

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Are We Missing the Importance of Missing Values in HIV Prevention Randomized Clinical Trials? Review and Recommendations

Cited by 33 publications

References 80 publications

The use of web-based diaries in sexual risk behaviour research: a systematic review

The use of web-based diaries in sexual risk behaviour research: a systematic review

Viral Suppression and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence Among Alcohol Using HIV-Positive Adults

Bringing it home: community survey of HIV risks to primary sex partners of men and women in alcohol-serving establishments in Cape Town, South Africa

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