Are We There Yet? Intracellular Sensing with Luminescent Nanoparticles and FRET

Algar, W. Russ; Szwarczewski, Agnes; Massey, Melissa

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03751

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(98 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…More work is also needed to enable these nanoparticles to target subcellular structures such as organelles, and to understand the mechanism of cellular uptake for both Pdots and Odots. Specifically, efficient cytosolic delivery is necessary to target intracellular organelle structures but remains challenging for many luminescent nanoparticles . Current procedures for preparing these nanoparticles also offer little in the way of size control, and methods that reproducibly give Pdots and Odots of predetermined sizes are urgently needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, efficient cytosolic delivery is necessary to target intracellular organelle structures but remains challenging for many luminescent nanoparticles. 58 Current procedures for preparing these nanoparticles also offer little in the way of size control, and methods that reproducibly give Pdots and Odots of predetermined sizes are urgently needed. The use of TADF-doped nanoparticles as agents for photoinduced therapies is another area of growing interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Unlocking New Applications for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Using Polymer Nanoparticles

Caine,

Hu,

Gogoulis

et al. 2023

Acc. Mater. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials are widely used in organic light-emitting diodes, but their long emission lifetimes also make them ideal for use in bioimaging probes, fluorescent sensors, and phototheranostics. Unfortunately, their development toward these applications has been restricted by the poor compatibility of most TADF materials with aqueous conditions. This problem can be addressed by encapsulating TADF dyes into nanoparticles that form stable aqueous suspensions, while preserving�or even enhancing�the photophysical properties of the TADF emitters they contain. Free of heavy metals, these nanoparticles can exhibit reduced cytotoxicity, improved oxygen tolerance, and higher brightness compared to unencapsulated TADF emitters. This Account discusses recent advances in the development and application of TADF-active polymer nanoparticles for use as biocompatible imaging probes and stimuli-responsive materials. We demonstrate that the encapsulation of TADF emitters into semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots), aggregated organic dots (a-Odots) and glassy organic dots (g-Odots) results in nanoparticles with tunable sizes, surface chemistries, and optoelectronic properties. These nanomaterials are particularly well-suited for bioimaging applications, with customizable bioconjugate chemistry and emission profiles ranging from deep-blue to near-infrared. As TADF materials generate long-lived emission, time-resolved fluorescence imaging can be used to obtain images with high signal-to-noise ratios against background biological autofluorescence. Materials with multiphoton absorbance properties capable of near-infrared excitation are also presented. We further discuss strategies for chemically modifying the nanoparticles' coronas using biomolecules and cell-penetrating motifs to target biological structures both internal and external to the cell. With these strategies, high-contrast imaging of human breast, liver, and kidney cancer cells has been achieved. The ability to target TADF-active nanoparticles to specific tissues, such as cancer cells, has also spurred advances in phototheranostics, which harness the ability for TADF materials to produce cytotoxic singlet oxygen upon irradiation with light. Lastly, as TADF materials can exhibit changes in emission with response to oxygen, temperature, and solvent conditions, we discuss how polymer integration can be used to generate highly effective probes for environmental stimuli. These sensors have potential applications as both in vitro nanosensors and in vivo molecular reporters for disease detection. As an alternative type of sensor, TADF materials have also been employed as reporters in electrochemiluminescence assays for biomarker detection. To explore stimulus−polymer interactions on a fundamental level, the incorporation of TADF materials into bottlebrush polymers is also discussed. Overall, this Account demonstrates that polymer nanoparticles containing TADF emitters have great potential to ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking New Applications for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Using Polymer Nanoparticles

Caine,

Hu,

Gogoulis

et al. 2023

Acc. Mater. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…30,31 However, these ligands also add additional steric bulk (up to 100 nm) on the nano surface, making them unfavorable for distance-dependent resonance energy transfer-based (RET) applications (which require distances of 1−10 nm). 32,33 Recently, a promising new surface coating based on the copolymer of poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic) anhydride and PEG with PA anchoring groups (PA-PIMA-PEG) was found to impart long-term colloidal stability to UCNPs. This formulation resulted in colloidal dispersions of UCNPs in 1 × PBS for over three months and, in one case, colloidal stability in 10 × PBS for up to 6 weeks.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the many surface coatings used for UCNPs, commercially available polymers like anionic poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and cationic poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) are the most well investigated. These highly charged polymers generally lead to increased endocytosis, are unfavorably cytotoxic, result in particle aggregation, and result in poor colloidal stability in biological environments. ,− Other neutral copolymer coatings, based on poly(maleic anhydride- alt -1-octadecene) and polyethylene glycol (PMAO-PEG), have also been well investigated because these coatings protect the excited-state of UCNPs from nonradiative relaxation processes, and these surface coatings do not remove the as-synthesized nonpolar capping ligands. , However, these ligands also add additional steric bulk (up to 100 nm) on the nano surface, making them unfavorable for distance-dependent resonance energy transfer-based (RET) applications (which require distances of 1–10 nm). , Recently, a promising new surface coating based on the copolymer of poly(isobutylene- alt -maleic) anhydride and PEG with PA anchoring groups (PA-PIMA-PEG) was found to impart long-term colloidal stability to UCNPs. This formulation resulted in colloidal dispersions of UCNPs in 1 × PBS for over three months and, in one case, colloidal stability in 10 × PBS for up to 6 weeks. , With this unparallel colloidal stability, it has become imperative to investigate the cellular uptake mechanisms and intracellular fate of UCNPs coated with this new class of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Uptake of Upconversion Nanoparticles Based on Surface Polymer Coatings and Protein Corona

Malhotra,

Kumar,

Piunno

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are materials that provide unique advantages for biomedical applications. There are constantly emerging customized UCNPs with varying compositions, coatings, and upconversion mechanisms. Cellular uptake is a key parameter for the biological application of UCNPs. Uptake experiments have yielded highly varying results, and correlating trends between cellular uptake with different types of UCNP coatings remains challenging. In this report, the impact of surface polymer coatings on the formation of protein coronas and subsequent cellular uptake of UCNPs by macrophages and cancer cells was investigated. Luminescence confocal microscopy and elemental analysis techniques were used to evaluate the different coatings for internalization within cells. Pathway inhibitors were used to unravel the specific internalization mechanisms of polymercoated UCNPs. Coatings were chosen as the most promising for colloidal stability, conjugation chemistry, and biomedical applications. PIMA-PEG (poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic) anhydride with polyethylene glycol)-coated UCNPs were found to have low cytotoxicity, low uptake by macrophages (when compared with PEI, poly(ethylenimine)), and sufficient uptake by tumor cells for surface-loaded drug delivery applications. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) studies revealed that PIMA-coated NPs were preferentially internalized by the clathrin-and caveolar-independent pathways, with a preference for clathrin-mediated uptake at longer time points. PMAO-PEG (poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) with polyethylene glycol)coated UCNPs were internalized by energy-dependent pathways, while PAA-(poly(acrylic acid)) and PEI-coated NPs were internalized by multifactorial mechanisms of internalization. The results indicate that copolymers of PIMA-PEG coatings on UCNPs were well suited for the next-generation of biomedical applications.

show abstract

“…This kind of analytical method can be carried out in real-time, is mostly free of different developing steps, including enzymatic amplification and washes, and is also suitable for intracellular sensing. 21 However, there are many fluorescence-based reports where researchers have used different 2D materials such as graphene, organic polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), MoS 2 , WS 2 , TMDs, etc. [22][23][24] All these materials involve hazardous chemicals, the synthetic procedures are time-consuming, and all have limited uses due to their production procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optical sensing platform for the detection of anti-cancer drugs and their cytotoxicity screening using a highly selective phosphorene-based composite

Sultana,

Thanil Singh,

Khan

et al. 2023

Nanoscale

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Are We There Yet? Intracellular Sensing with Luminescent Nanoparticles and FRET

Cited by 4 publications

References 50 publications

Unlocking New Applications for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Using Polymer Nanoparticles

Unlocking New Applications for Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Using Polymer Nanoparticles

Cellular Uptake of Upconversion Nanoparticles Based on Surface Polymer Coatings and Protein Corona

An optical sensing platform for the detection of anti-cancer drugs and their cytotoxicity screening using a highly selective phosphorene-based composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About