Are Whites and minorities more similar than different? Testing the cultural similarities hypothesis on psychopathology with a second-order meta-analysis

Causadías, José M.; Korous, Kevin M.; Cahill, Karina M.

doi:10.1017/s0954579418000895

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 104 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, some meta-analyses were expected to have overlapping samples because meta-analyses can include some of the same primary studies, which would violate the meta-analytic assumption of independence (Becker, 2000). In past research, an overlap less than or equal to 25% was considered acceptable (Causadias et al, in press; Zell et al, 2015). Thus, we examined the overlap of studies included in each average association by cross-referencing the included primary studies and dividing the number of duplicate studies by the number of studies included in each meta-analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, it is also important to synthesize meta-analytic research to converge at a more representative mean of the distribution. A second-order meta-analysis can facilitate this accumulation because it averages across meta-analytic effects to provide the most comprehensive estimate of an association (see Causadias, Korous, & Cahill, in press).…”

Section: The Importance Of Research Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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Substantial evidence links socioeconomic status to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. However, it is unclear how these two categories of behavior problems relate to specific components of socioeconomic status (e.g., income, educational attainment, and occupational prestige) or overall social status. In this study, we conducted a second-order meta-analysis to estimate the average associations of income, education, occupation, and overall socioeconomic status with internalizing and externalizing behavior problems, and to examine if age, sex, and race/ethnicity moderated these associations. Our systematic search in PsycINFO, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global identified 12 meta-analyses (17% unpublished), including approximately 474 primary studies and 327,617 participants. In relation to internalizing, we found small average associations with income,r+= –.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [–.31, –.04], and education,r+= –.12, 95% CI [–.15, –.09]. In relation to externalizing, we found smaller associations with income,r+= –.02, 95% CI [–.15, .10], education,r+= –.03, 95% CI [–.16, .10], and overall socioeconomic status,r+= –.05, 95% CI [–.11, .01], but these CIs included zero. Only sex composition of the samples moderated the latter association. We provide recommendations for best practices and future research directions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of Research Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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“…Finally, Causadias, Korous, and Cahill (2018) studied the cultural differences hypothesis (i.e., that there are large differences between Whites and minorities, while there are small differences between- and within-minority groups) and the cultural similarities hypothesis (i.e., that there are small differences between Whites and minorities, and these differences are equal or lesser than differences between- and within-minorities). They conducted a second-order meta-analysis on levels of psychopathology with 16 meta-analyses on 493 primary studies ( N = 3,036,749) and found support for the cultural similarities hypothesis.…”

Section: Understanding Cultural Differences and Similarities In Develmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural development and psychopathology

Causadías

Cicchetti

2018

Dev Psychopathol

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Culture plays a pivotal role in adaptive and maladaptive development. However, culture remains disconnected from theory, research, training, assessment, and interventions in developmental psychopathology, limiting our understanding of the genesis and epigenesis of mental health. Cultural development and psychopathology research can help overcome this limitation by focusing on the elucidation of cultural risk, protective, and promotive factors, at the individual and social levels, that initiate, derail, or maintain trajectories of normal and abnormal behavior. The goal of this Special Issue is to showcase research on the association between culture, development, and psychopathology that investigates equifinality and multifinality in cultural development, the interplay between culture and biology, cultural assessment and interventions, and cultural differences and similarities.

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“…First, our findings provide additional evidence that mental disorders, including hierarchical conceptualizations of them, may be robust to "ethnic bias" (Eaton et al, 2013). In a recent meta-analysis, group differences in symptom counts and rates of diagnoses between EA and non-EA individuals were found to be small across several mental disorders (Causadias et al, 2018). These results were detected after having accounted for developmental period (i.e., childhood or adolescence), age, sex, years of education, and the type of measure of psychopathology (i.e., interview or questionnaire) (Causadias et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…In a recent meta-analysis, group differences in symptom counts and rates of diagnoses between EA and non-EA individuals were found to be small across several mental disorders (Causadias et al, 2018). These results were detected after having accounted for developmental period (i.e., childhood or adolescence), age, sex, years of education, and the type of measure of psychopathology (i.e., interview or questionnaire) (Causadias et al, 2018). Similarly, small effect sizes were detected with respect to racial-ethnic group differences in the prevalence rates of the mental disorders in the PNC sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factorial invariance in hierarchical factor models of mental disorders in African American and European American youths

2020

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Background: There is converging and compelling evidence that mental disorders are more optimally conceptualized in a hierarchical framework that transcends traditional categorical boundaries. However, the majority of this evidence comes from studies that draw upon predominantly Caucasian populations. Whether the hierarchical conceptualization of mental disorders generalizes across racial-ethnic groups, including for African American (AA) youths, is unclear. This research is especially crucial in light of the observed racial-ethnic differences in the prevalence rates of several mental disorders. Methods: We tested multidimensional and bifactor models of 15 DSM-5 diagnoses and psychiatric traits in two groups, including AA (n=3,088) and European American (EA) (n=5,147) youths aged 8-21 from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC). We also conducted multigroup confirmatory factor analyses to test for factorial invariance between the best fitting AA and EA multidimensional and bifactor models. Results: In the multidimensional model tests, a three-factor model, specifying internalizing, externalizing, and thought dimensions, emerged as the best fitting model for AAs and EAs. In the bifactor model tests, a three-factor model (i.e., internalizing, externalizing, and thought dimensions) that also specified a general factor emerged as the optimal for both AAs and EAs. The general factor accounted for a significant proportion of the covariation between the secondary factors and the individual disorders and traits. Furthermore, both models were factorially invariant, indicating that there was no significant difference in the factor structure of mental disorders between AAs and EAs in PNC. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that INVARIANCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF MENTAL DISORDERS 3 the hierarchical factor structure of mental disorders may be racial-ethnically robust. This finding has implications for etiological and epidemiological studies focused on racial-ethnic subgroup comparisons, particularly with respect to identifying similarities and differences in prevalence rates or sociodemographic risk factors for mental disorders.

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Are Whites and minorities more similar than different? Testing the cultural similarities hypothesis on psychopathology with a second-order meta-analysis

Cited by 21 publications

References 104 publications

Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis

Unpacking the link between socioeconomic status and behavior problems: A second-order meta-analysis

Cultural development and psychopathology

Factorial invariance in hierarchical factor models of mental disorders in African American and European American youths

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