Are working memory deficits in bipolar disorder markers for psychosis?

Allen, Daniel N.; Randall, Carol; Bello, Danielle T.; Armstrong, Christina M.; Frantom, Linda; Cross, Chad L.; Kinney, Jefferson W.

doi:10.1037/a0018159

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Moreover, we observed that patients with BDI and BDII had abnormally low volume and/or thickness in medial occipital brain regions, including the cuneus, pericalcarine and lingual cortices. These findings are in line with previously reported deficits in visual processing and perception [36][37][38][39][40] -unrelated to lithium use 41,42 -and also with deficits in working memory tasks 10,[43][44][45][46] that partly engage visual areas of the medial occipital cortex. [47][48][49][50] Hence, it is not farfetched to assume that previously observed deficits in visual tasks in patients with BD might be partly related to neuroanatomical abnormalities in medial occipital brain regions.…”

Section: Cortical Abnormalities In Patients With Bdi and Bdiisupporting

confidence: 82%

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Abé

Ekman

Sellgren

et al. 2016

jpn

108

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IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is a common chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by mood disturbances with recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania and depression interspersed by euthymic periods. The disorder is not only associated with premature death, significant disability and impaired psychosocial functioning, 1 but also with cognitive impairments. 2Summarizing previous imaging studies of patients with BD, recent meta-analyses and review articles have concluded that these patients demonstrate abnormalities primarily in frontal lobe regions, such as abnormally low volumes not only in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), medial and inferior frontal, orbitofrontal, ventral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, but also in the temporal and insular cortices. 3-9There are 2 established subtypes of BD: type I and type II. The subtype BDII is distinguished from BDI mainly by the absence of full-blown manic episodes. This and the generally observed lower functional impairment in patients with BDII compared with BDI 10 has led some to describe BDII as a milder form of BDI. But this conclusion is not necessarily accurate, as BDII is characterized by shorter euthymic intervals, more depressive episodes, longer time spent in a state of depression, more comorbidities and greater perceived suffering than BDI. 11,12 The fact that patients with BDI and BDII manifest different symptoms and severity suggests partly different neurobiological mechanisms and pathophysiology. Despite this, most previous studies have focused on patients with BDI or on patients with BDI and BDII combined indiscriminately. The few and small studies that have investigated patients with BDI, BDII and healthy controls suggest that the subtypes are characterized by common neurobiological alterations that are less pronounced in patients with BDII.13-15 One study reported fewer case-control differences in grey matter Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common chronic psychiatric disorder mainly characterized by episodes of mania, hypomania and depression. The disorder is associated with cognitive impairments and structural brain abnormalities, such as lower cortical volumes in primarily frontal brain regions than healthy controls. Although bipolar disorder types I (BDI) and II (BDII) exhibit different symptoms and severity, previous studies have focused on BDI. Furthermore, the most frequently investigated measure in this population is cortical volume. The aim of our study was to investigate abnormalities in patients with BDI and BDII by simultaneously analyzing cortical volume, thickness and surface area, which yields more information about disease-and symptom-related neurobiology. Methods: We used MRI to measure cortical volume, thickness and area in patients with BDI and BDII as well as in healthy controls. The large study cohort enabled us to adjust for important confounding factors. Results: We included 81 patients with BDI, 59 with BDII and 85 controls in our analyses. Cortical volume, thickness and surface area abnormalities were present ...

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Section: Cortical Abnormalities In Patients With Bdi and Bdiisupporting

confidence: 82%

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Abé

Ekman

Sellgren

et al. 2016

jpn

108

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“…Our results are in line with previous reports showing no significant differences in performance between BPD(+) and BPD(−) on FDS (Glahn et al, 2007;Selva et al, 2007;Martinez-Aran et al, 2008;Savitz et al, 2009;Allen et al, 2010;Brissos et al, 2011) and BDS (Glahn et al, 2007;Selva et al, 2007;Martinez-Aran et al, 2008;Savitz et al, 2009;Allen et al, 2010;Brissos et al, 2011). However, some authors were able to observe differences in cognitive performance between those two groups of patients on these tests (Glahn et al, 2006;Simonsen et al, 2011).…”

Section: Comparison Of Cognitive Performance Between Bpd(+) and Bpd(−supporting

confidence: 75%

“…(Pearlson et al, 1995;Strasser et al, 2005;Glahn et al, 2007;Cui et al, 2011;Anticevic et al, 2014). This hypothesis has been supported by findings showing that BPD patients with psychotic symptoms [BPD(+)] perform worse than BPD patients without psychotic symptoms [BPD(−)] on a variety of neurocognitive measures (Glahn et al, 2006(Glahn et al, , 2007Bora et al, 2007;Martinez-Aran et al, 2008;Allen et al, 2010;Simonsen et al, 2011;Ivleva et al, 2012). In the recent meta-analytic study, a history of psychotic symptoms in BPD was found to be associated with moderately greater impairment in planning and reasoning, working memory, verbal memory and processing speed (Bora et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…In (Perry et al, 2001;Egeland et al, 2003;Haatveit et al, 2010). Additionally, it has been shown that different WM tests require varying amounts of executive function and research using factor analytic approach demonstrated that FDS and BDS tasks load together to form a factor separate from other tests with higher central executive WM demands, such as N-back task (Allen et al, 2010). Farkas et al (2008) found that schizophrenia patients with severe negative symptoms are more impaired at rule learning tasks than schizophrenia patients with milder negative symptoms.…”

Section: Discussion Different Domains Of Wm With Respect To Psychosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impairments of Working Memory in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: the Effect of History of Psychotic Symptoms and Different Aspects of Cognitive Task Demands

Hewedi

Frydecka

Moustafa

2015

European Psychiatry

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Comparisons of cognitive impairments between schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) have produced mixed results. We applied different working memory (WM) measures (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Short-delay and Long-delay CPT-AX, N-back) to patients with SZ (n = 23), psychotic BPD (n = 19) and non-psychotic BPD (n = 24), as well as to healthy controls (HC) (n = 18) in order to compare the level of WM impairments across the groups. With respect to the less demanding WM measures (Digit Span Forward and Backward, Short-delay CPT-AX), there were no between group differences in cognitive performance; however, with respect to the more demanding WM measures (Long-delay CPT-AX, N-back), we observed that the groups with psychosis (SZ, psychotic BPD) did not differ from one another, but performed poorer than the group without a history of psychosis (non-psychotic BPD). A history of psychotic symptoms may influence cognitive performance with respect to WM delay and load effects as measured by Long-delay CPT-AX and N-back tests, respectively. We observed a positive correlation of WM performance with antipsychotic treatment and a negative correlation with depressive symptoms in BPD and with negative symptoms in SZ subgroup. Our study suggests that WM dysfunctions are more closely related to a history of psychosis than to the diagnostic categories of SZ and BPD described by psychiatric classification systems.

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“…Allen et al 58 reported unimpaired performance in bipolar patients in memory tasks that are dependent on the episodic buffer. They used tests of verbal and visual learning (California Verbal Learning Test and Biber Visual Learning Test), but they did not include a delayed recall task to assess the consolidation of the learned information.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comparative study of the working memory multicomponent model in psychosis and healthy controls

Sánchez‐Torres

Elosúa

Lorente-Omeñaca

et al. 2015

Comprehensive Psychiatry

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Are working memory deficits in bipolar disorder markers for psychosis?

Cited by 37 publications

References 116 publications

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Cortical thickness, volume and surface area in patients with bipolar disorder types I and II

Impairments of Working Memory in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: the Effect of History of Psychotic Symptoms and Different Aspects of Cognitive Task Demands

A comparative study of the working memory multicomponent model in psychosis and healthy controls

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