“…Park, Moon, & Hyun, 2014;Han, et al, 2016;Bednall, et al, 2018;Ahmad, Easa, & Mostapha, 2019) and innovative behavior has a direct effect on performance (e.g. Janssen, van de Vliert, & West, 2004;Marques & Ferreira, 2009;Gunday, et al, 2011;Aryee, et al, 2012;Bhanugopan, van der Heijden, & Farrell, 2017;Schuh, et al, 2018;and Shanker, et al, 2019). Thus, these findings are consistent, support and confirm the results of previous studies that transformational leadership has a positive and significant indirect effect on performance by mediating innovative behavior.…”