Area Coastal Protection and the Use of Bamboo Breakwaters in the Mekong Delta

Schmitt, Klaus; Albers, Thorsten

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800007-6.00005-8

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These hazards have in most cases, caused detrimental, long lasting damage to the deltas, which has led to both long and short term disruption to the delta system. This investigation showed (Zhong et al, 2012, Hu et al, 2008 Coastal/river groyne 3 2 0 1 2 8 (van der Velde et al, 2002, Frihy, 2003, Cui et al, 2015, Wickramanayake, 1994 Dike/levee/ embankment 3 1 3 3 3 13 (Van Koningsveld et al, 2008, El-Nahry and Doluschitz, 2010, Dewan et al, 2015, Liu et al, 2015, Käkönen, 2008 Breakwater and Schmitt, 2015, Frihy, 2003, Yan and Feng, 2011, Schmitt and Albers, 2014 Sluice gates 3 1 3 3 3 13 (Van Koningsveld et al, 2008, Milliman et al, 1989, Dewan et al, 2015, Chen and Zong, 1999, Käkönen, 2008 Pumping station that extreme events were a significant driver in the implementation of engineered adaptations, particularly in the case of the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt, Yangtze, Mekong and Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna, all of which are vulnerable to either cyclones or large storm surges. For example, the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna, is vulnerable to frequent and powerful cyclones, which form over the Bay of Bengal (Ali, 1999).…”

Section: Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving deltas: Coevolution with engineered interventions

Welch

Nicholls

Lázár

2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Deltaic environments are often densely populated with high socio-economic values, and thus are hotspots of climatic, environmental and anthropogenic change. Large scale engineered structures, such as dike systems, have played an important role in shaping both environmental and socio-economic conditions in deltas, with such interventions more likely where there is a high population and a wealthy economy. Engineered interventions interact with the morphological evolution of the delta, reducing or removing sedimentation and accelerating subsidence, increasing the consequences of flooding and necessitating further adaptation. They also encourage further development, reinforcing this feedback. Thus, in these cases, the deltaic landscape and associated livelihoods can be considered to be the result of a coevolution process between natural delta processes and human engineered interventions. This paper explores this hypothesis. It analyses the history of large scale engineering interventions and their implications in five representative, large, populated deltas across the globe (Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna, Yangtze, Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt, Mekong and Nile). The results demonstrate coevolution has occurred and indicate that the response type and the management approach of these engineered structures have significant implications for future delta development. To understand and manage unintended consequences and the development of lock-in trajectories in deltas, a systematic understanding of delta development, including these coevolution processes is essential.

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Section: Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving deltas: Coevolution with engineered interventions

Welch

Nicholls

Lázár

2017

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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“…In the wake of this concern regarding the effects of dams, and, to a lesser extent, of river-bed mining, on fluvial sediment supply and on the future stability of the Mekong delta, erosion of the delta’s shoreline has become a particularly important issue, highlighted in recent academic studies 25 26 27 28 29 30 and in numerous newspaper reports 31 . It has been shown from analysis of maps and Landsat satellite images spanning the period 1950–2014 that delta erosion has progressively increased, especially along the muddy South China Sea coast, whereas the delta distributary mouths sector has shown a fluctuating trend tentatively attributed to shifts in flood discharge levels and associated sediment supply 29 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River delta to human activities

Anthony

Brunier

Besset

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

468

264

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As international concern for the survival of deltas grows, the Mekong River delta, the world’s third largest delta, densely populated, considered as Southeast Asia’s most important food basket, and rich in biodiversity at the world scale, is also increasingly affected by human activities and exposed to subsidence and coastal erosion. Several dams have been constructed upstream of the delta and many more are now planned. We quantify from high-resolution SPOT 5 satellite images large-scale shoreline erosion and land loss between 2003 and 2012 that now affect over 50% of the once strongly advancing >600 km-long delta shoreline. Erosion, with no identified change in the river’s discharge and in wave and wind conditions over this recent period, is consistent with: (1) a reported significant decrease in coastal surface suspended sediment from the Mekong that may be linked to dam retention of its sediment, (2) large-scale commercial sand mining in the river and delta channels, and (3) subsidence due to groundwater extraction. Shoreline erosion is already responsible for displacement of coastal populations. It is an additional hazard to the integrity of this Asian mega delta now considered particularly vulnerable to accelerated subsidence and sea-level rise, and will be exacerbated by future hydropower dams.

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“…A good number of such studies were conducted, including those undertaken in the Mekong River Delta in Cambodia, which discharges into the South China Sea (United Nations, 1969;Kocar and Scott, 2012;Xue et al, 2012;Schmitt and Albers, 2014). Numerical modelling was applied in this case to predict the outcomes of different management solutions (Wang et al, 2014;Stark et al, 2016) or even the future shapes of the river channel entrances, due to its cost effectiveness advantages-cheaper and faster than physical modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling approach for the management of seasonal influenced river channel entrance

Tay

Mitchell

Chen

et al. 2016

Ocean & Coastal Management

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a b s t r a c tThe dynamic nature of a river channel entrance is commonly seasonal dependant. This is evidenced in the topography of river channel entrances in East Coast of Borneo which is influenced by both North East (NE) and South West (SW) monsoons on top of surrounding parameters such as waves and tides, sedimentation as well as climate change. Advanced numerical modelling technique is frequently used as a leading approach to investigate the complicated nature of river channel entrance to well represent actual conditions of a designated area. This paper presented a mesoscale numerical modelling method by integrating reductionist and reduced complexity model approach along with local seasonal conditions to well represent river channel entrance problem and propose management measures. The model was established with a set of numerical equilibrium equations and calibrated parameters to reflect the features of regional conditions with the combination of local validated modelling parameters. The model had accurately represented the effects of both NE and SW monsoons in terms of hydraulics and sediment dynamics at the Petagas river channel entrance, as verified by site data and satellite imagery. In addition, the accuracy of the model provides confidence in the implementation of improvement measures at the river channel entrance. The improvement scheme includes a training channel and a breakwater in improving flushing capacity, thus preventing sedimentation and upstream flooding, allowing proper navigation through the river. In conclusion, the accurate investigational result from this numerical model had successfully demonstrated its scientific role in solving dynamic river channel entrance, which can serve as a numerical modelling approach for solving similar river channel entrance problems especially in the East Coast of Borneo with predominant inter-annual seasonal variations.

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Area Coastal Protection and the Use of Bamboo Breakwaters in the Mekong Delta

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Evolving deltas: Coevolution with engineered interventions

Evolving deltas: Coevolution with engineered interventions

Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River delta to human activities

Numerical modelling approach for the management of seasonal influenced river channel entrance

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