Seed classification contributes significantly to the final added value in crop production. Manual seed characteristics estimation is a difficult, time-consuming process that is prone to human error. Image processing is a good candidate for developing automated seed characteristics estimation systems. Many applications use image processing, such as inspecting pests in crop fields, grading fruits by size and color, estimating ripeness of fruits and vegetables before harvesting, and identifying crop diseases. For the classification of different seed varieties, old methods are still used. Manual seed size calculation and classification (small, medium, and large) with calipers, for example. There are no state-of-the-art methods for classifying seeds within species. This study will look at various image processing techniques for estimating various seed characteristics, improving classification, discovering new features, reducing complexity, and identifying flaws in existing techniques. According to the findings, there is a negative relationship between soya bean seed size and climatic factors. The decrease in osmotic ability affects larger seeds because they need more water for growth. As a result, seed selection is important prior to plantation based on environmental conditions.