Areas of endemism in the Atlantic Forest: quantitative biogeography insights from orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini)

Abstract

Orchid bees are endemic to the Neotropics and were sampled more intensively in the Atlantic Forest in the last decade than in that of other Brazilian biomes. In this study, we aimed at identifying the main distributional patterns and areas of endemism of Euglossini orchid bee species in the Atlantic Forest using parsimony analysis of endemism and endemicity analysis. The results of these analyses were partly congruent and supported the idea that the distribution of orchid bees is structured into at least five areas of endemism: Pernambuco/coastal Bahia; Espírito Santo/Rio de Janeiro/south of Minas Gerais; north of Minas Gerais/central Bahia; southeast of Minas Gerais/ northeast, central and coast of São Paulo/central and coastal Paraná; and central/coast of Santa Catarina-Rio Grande do Sul. Most of these areas were consistent with other groups of organisms and indicate the existence of real areas of endemism in the Atlantic Rain Forest. distribution pattern / insects / PAE / NDM / orchid bees Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

Areas of endemism of land planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) in the Southern Atlantic Forest

“…Based on orchid bee distributions, Garrafoni et al . [ 42 ] found at least five main AoE, which are congruent with those from Silva & Casteleti [ 24 ], varying only in size.…”

Historical records of orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini) in Belém Endemism Center: species list of 92 years sampling

“…Contrary to what have been shown for Atlantic Forest in Brazil (Garraffoni et al, 2017;Nemésio and Santos-Junior, 2014), we did not find endemic species of BEC. Pearson and Dressler (1985) suggested that orchid bees apparently were not affected by historical isolation and speciation events occurred on forest refuges during the Pleistocene.…”

Rapid assessment of the orchid bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) in the vicinity of an urban Atlantic Forest remnant in São Paulo, Brazil

“…Euglossa cordata and Eulaema nigrita were also the two-dominant species in the Santa Genebra forest in 2008 (Cordeiro et al, 2013) and in other Atlantic Forest fragments Gaglianone, 2008, 2012;Ramalho et al, 2009;Rocha-Filho and Garófalo, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2015). Both species are distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest (Garraffoni et al, 2017), and can be found in disturbed and fragmented areas as well as in open preserved areas (e.g., Viana and Kleinert, 2006;Ramalho et al, 2009;Aguiar and Gaglianone, 2012).…”

“…They are well-known and widely distributed taxon in the Atlantic Forest with more than 60 species (included in four distinct genera) registered in this biome (Nemésio, 2009;Garraffoni et al, 2017). The Atlantic Rain Forest originally occupied about 15% of the Brazilian territory, but it was completely fragmented in forest remnants, and now covers 11-16% of its original area (Ribeiro et al, 2009;Joly et al, 2014).…”

“…These two species, together with Euglossa frimbiata Moure, 1968, Euglossa pleostica Dressler, 1982, Euglossa truncata Rebêlo and Moure, 1996 (collected in the present study and by Cordeiro et al, 2013) and Euglossa annectans (registered only by Cordeiro et al, 2013) were considered rare in this area. However, those five species have broad distribution patterns spanning nearly 20° of latitude (Nemésio, 2009;Garraffoni et al, 2017).…”