Arenig to Wenlock age metamorphism in the Appalachians

Laird, Jo

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.1988.038.01.19

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“… A synthesis of indicators for continental compressional deformation and mountain building in Late Devonian times for the Appalachians (data from Laird, 1988; Ettensohn, 1995; Murphy and Keppie, 1998), the North African Variscides (data from Piqué et al ., 1993; Echarfaoui et al ., 2002), the European Variscides (data from Ballévre et al ., 1994; Santallier et al ., 1994; Matte, 1995; Maluski and Patocka, 1997; Tait et al ., 1997), the southern Urals (data from Matte, 1995; Puchkov, 1997), the Ellesmerides–Svalbard belt (data from Roberts, 1988; Embry, 1991) and the Antler belt (data from Johnson and Pendergast, 1981). Note the onset of collision and continental uplift at around 380 Ma.…”

Section: The Acadian‐eovariscan Mountain Building Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain building‐enhanced continental weathering and organic carbon burial as major causes for climatic cooling at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary (c. 376 Ma)?

Averbuch¹,

Tribovillard²,

Devleeschouwer³

et al. 2005

Terra Nova

117

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The Late Devonian was a period of drastic environmental changes, as exemplified by a major biotic crisis at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary (FFB) and the onset in Famennian times of glaciations across southern Gondwana. Worldwide evidence for the coeval development of the major Acadian–Eovariscan belt led us to propose a model relating the Late Frasnian–Famennian environmental perturbations to extensive continental uplift through two atmospheric CO2‐depleting mechanisms: (1) the intensification of silicate weathering on the continental areas as attested by a major rise in the 87Sr/86Sr composition of sea water at the FFB; and (2) the massive burial of organic carbon (Kellwasser events) in partially confined basins due to the collisional‐induced reduction of equatorial oceanic communications between the Palaeotethysian and Panthalassic oceans. This process is also suggested to have been controlled by an important primary productivity connected to an increased nutrient availability triggered by the enhanced continental run‐off.

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Section: The Acadian‐eovariscan Mountain Building Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain building‐enhanced continental weathering and organic carbon burial as major causes for climatic cooling at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary (c. 376 Ma)?

Averbuch¹,

Tribovillard²,

Devleeschouwer³

et al. 2005

Terra Nova

117

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“…The mica ages produced by Kelley & Bluck (1989 and rocks with Barrovian regional metamorphism are both ubiquitous along the Laurentian margin from NE Greenland to Carolina (e.g. Laird 1988;Ratcliffe et al 1998) and neither garnet composition nor mica age can be source specific in this instance (cf. Hutcheson & Oliver 1998;Oliver et al 2000 andOliver 2000).…”

Section: A Histograms Of Existing K-ar and 40mentioning

confidence: 99%

Caledonian and related events in Scotland

Bluck

2000

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Socie

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The Scottish Caledonides, sited near the triple-junction between Laurentia, Amazonia and Baltica, is divided into at least five discrete blocks, each with a history incompatible with that of the block now lying adjacent to it. With the exception of the Hebridian margin, with its extensional Torridonian basins and Cambrian passive margin sequence, all blocks have undergone terrane-scale movements. The Moine, Central Highland Division and the bulk (if not all) of the Grampian Group have shared a common regional metamorphism, involving thickening and uplift, atc. 800 Ma andc. 450–480 Ma. This is incompatible with their being in the extensional regime that appears to characterise much of Neoproterozoic Laurentia. They, along with the polymetamorphic Dalradian block, now replace a region of passive margin and an unknown width of attendant Iapetus oceanic crust. These metamorphic blocks are grossly out-of-place.The Midland Valley is a severely contracted block of ancient crust, once fringed by extensive oceanic basins to the N and S. An Ordovician–Devonian arc was founded on this older craton, and supplied sediment to basins on either side of it. This arc, during its Lower Palaeozoic life, matured, finally to yield relatively quartz-rich sediment, but was re-activated during the Devonian. An arc, similar to that of the Midland Valley, also supplied sediment to the Southern Uplands. Metamorphic debris in the Southern Uplands had a provenance in either this arc-basement or in a basement somewhere along the orogen. No metamorphic detritus in the Highland Border Complex has yet been demonstrated to have a Dalradian source.Much of Scotland was assembled in a strike-slip regime. Evidence for strike-slip tectonics can be seen from the Late Proterozoic through to the Devonian. In periods of transtension, basins opened to accumulate sediment; in periods of transpression, those sediments were compressed and uplifted to yield sediments to successor basins. In the Neoproterozoic, during the phase of transpression, the basins were buried and metamorphosed, but during the Palaeozoic the basins were at a much higher level and escaped metamorphism.A substantial volume of the Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic sediment that accumulated in Scotland was derived from two orogens, both of which were sited some distance away. During the Neoproterozoic, the Grenville orogen was the main source, and in later (Devonian) time sediment accumulated in Scotland from the major, Late Palaeozoic continent–continent collision of Greenland–Scandinavia. These two external sources were augmented by a substantial contribution of sediment supplied from the Midland Valley arc or its lateral equivalent and by mild uplifts within the Scottish basements.

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“…The main metamorphism and syntectonic granitoid emplacement in the Taconic Appalachians and the Famatinian orogen were therefore broadly synchronous, the peak having been ca. 460 Ma in the Appalachians (Hatcher, 1972;Laird, 1988;Drake et al, 1989;Tucker and Robinson, 1990).…”

Section: Famatinian Orogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did the Taconic Appalachians continue into southern South America?

Salda

Dalziel

Cingolani

et al. 1992

Geol

128

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The Appalachian Mountains, now terminating abruptly at the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain, may have formerly continued into southern South America. Rocks forming the basement of the Argentine Andes can be interpreted as remnants of an early Paleozoic orogen, the Famatinian belt, not unlike the Taconic Appalachians. Both orogens are bordered to the west (present coordinates) by lower Paleozoic carbonate platforms bearing the Olenellid trilobite fauna that is characteristic of Laurentia. Paleomagnetic and geologic data indicate that they could have formed as one continuous mountain chain, possibly extending into Antarctica, during Ordovician closure of an ocean basin ("southern" Iapetus) between Laurentia and Gondwana. The Taconic and Famatinian segments of the chain may have been truncated during Late Ordovician separation of Laurentia and Gondwana along the preexisting (late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian) rift system that initiated formation of the Ouachita embayment and the southern margin of North America. SOUTHERN TERMINATION OF THE APPALACHIANSThe Appalachian mountain belt extends along the eastern seaboard of the North American Precambrian craton for more than 4000 km, from Newfoundland to Georgia (Fig. 1), where it is covered by Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary strata of the Gulf of Mexico coastal plain. The mobile belt originated with a late Neoproterozoic to earliest Cambrian rift event that predated development of a Cambrian carbonate platform (Hoffman, 1989;Hatcher et al., 1989). Three main phases of regional dynamothermal metamorphism and granitic plutonism have long been recognized in the Appalachians: the Ordovician Taconic orogeny, the Devonian Acadian orogeny, and the late Paleozoic Alleghanian orogeny (Rodgers, 1970;Hatcher, 1989). The Alleghanian orogeny resulted from final collision of Laurentia with northwestern Africa, and it is best developed in the southern and central Appalachians. The effects of this collision are also recognizable in the Ouachita embayment (Fig. 1), which was not affected by the earlier compressional events (Hatcher et al., 1989). The Taconic belt, well developed immediately north of the coastal plain, is sharply truncated there. This constitutes a major problem of North American tectonics that has seldom been addressed.

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Arenig to Wenlock age metamorphism in the Appalachians

Cited by 7 publications

References 78 publications

Mountain building‐enhanced continental weathering and organic carbon burial as major causes for climatic cooling at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary (c. 376 Ma)?

Mountain building‐enhanced continental weathering and organic carbon burial as major causes for climatic cooling at the Frasnian–Famennian boundary (c. 376 Ma)?

Caledonian and related events in Scotland

Did the Taconic Appalachians continue into southern South America?

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