Arginine–chitosan- and arginine–polyethylene glycol-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles: Preparation, cytotoxicity and controlled-release

Abstract

Iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) can be used in targeted drug delivery systems for localized cancer treatment. MNPs coated with biocompatible polymers are useful for delivering anticancer drugs. Iron oxide MNPs were synthesized via co-precipitation method then coated with either chitosan (CS) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) to form CS-MNPs and PEG-MNPs, respectively. Arginine (Arg) was loaded onto both coated nanoparticles to form Arg-CS-MNP and Arg-PEG-MNP nanocomposites. The X-ray diffraction results for the MNPs and the Arg-CS-MNP and Arg-PEG-MNPs nanocomposites indicated that the iron oxide contained pure magnetite. The amount of CS and PEG bound to the MNPs were estimated via thermogravimetric analysis and confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Arg loading was estimated using UV-vis measurements, which yielded values of 5.5% and 11% for the Arg-CS-MNP and Arg-PEG-MNP nanocomposites, respectively. The release profile of Arg from the nanocomposites followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The cytotoxic effects of the MNPs, Arg-CS-MNPs, and Arg-PEG-MNPs were evaluated in human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (3T3) and breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7). The results indicate that the MNPs, Arg-CS-MNPs, and Arg-PEG-MNPs do not exhibit cytotoxicity toward 3T3 and HeLa cells. However, treatment of the MCF-7 cells with the Arg-CS-MNP and Arg-PEG-MNP nanocomposites reduced the cancer cell viability with IC values of 48.6 and 42.6 µg/mL, respectively, whereas the MNPs and free Arg did not affect the viability of the MCF-7 cells.

PELA microspheres with encapsulated arginine–chitosan/pBMP-2 nanoparticles induce pBMP-2 controlled-release, transfected osteoblastic progenitor cells, and promoted osteogenic differentiation

“…Arginine moieties have been found in CPPs, which was proved to be the crucial component mediating the process of cell penetration. Recently, arginine or arginine rich peptides have been demonstrated to enhance the expression of transgenes either by themselves alone or in the form of arginine-conjugated polymers (Hussein-Al-Ali et al 2014). Therefore, in this study, we graft arginine to the chitosan backbone forming a kind of Arg-CS polymer to promote cell transfection efficiency.…”

Controlled-release formulation of perindopril erbumine loaded PEG-coated magnetite nanoparticles for biomedical applications

“…Magnetic nanoparticles with smaller size (\30 nm) show superparamagnetic properties [28] therefore, TEM together with a UTHSCSA ImageTool software were performed to determine the size, shape, and particle size distribution of the bare FNPs (Fig. 5a, c) and FPEGPE nanocomposite (Fig.…”

“…Previous reports showed that a variety of active compounds such as kojic acid [19], doxorubicin [20,21], 5-aminosalicylic acid [22], 6-mercaptopurine [23], 10-hydroxycamptothecin [24], gallic acid [25,26], folic acid [27], arginine [28], and anthranilic acid [29] can be loaded onto the surface of magnetic nanoparticles.…”

Doxorubicin-loaded star-shaped copolymer PLGA-vitamin E TPGS nanoparticles for lung cancer therapy

“…In addition, NPs can significantly prolong the circulation time of the drug and reduce its side effects [11]. With the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of NPs arising from leaky tumor blood vessels, antitumor efficacy of the loaded drugs can be greatly enhanced [12][13][14]. Approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), poly(D,Llactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has attracted considerable interest for medical applications [15,16].…”