Arginine deiminase system and bacterial adaptation to acid environments

Marquis, Robert E.; Bender, Gary R.; Murray, David R.; Wong, Alan

doi:10.1128/aem.53.1.198-200.1987

Cited by 188 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The enhanced viability might be attributed to the pH rise due to ammonia production by the ADI pathway as mentioned for S. sanguis [8]. These authors showed that the enzymes of the ADI pathway have their optimal pH of activity at lower values than other intracellular enzymes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Relationships between arginine degradation, pH and survival in Lactobacillus sakei

̈s¹

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Lactobacillus sakei is one of the most important lactic acid bacteria of meat and fermented meat products. It is able to degrade arginine with ammonia and ATP production by the arginine deiminase pathway (ADI). This pathway is composed of three enzymes: arginine deiminase, ornithine transcarbamoylase and carbamate kinase, and an arginine transport system. The transcription of the ADI pathway is induced by arginine and subjected to catabolite repression. In order to understand the physiological role of the degradation of this amino acid we investigated the growth of bacteria under various conditions. We show that arginine degradation is responsible for an enhanced viability during the stationary phase when cells are grown under anaerobiosis. Arginine is necessary for the induction of the ADI pathway but in association with another environmental signal. Using a mutant of the L-lactate dehydrogenase unable to lower the pH we could clearly demonstrate that (i) low pH is not responsible for cell death during the stationary phase, so survival is due to another factor than elevated pH, (ii) neither low pH nor oxygen limitation is responsible for the induction of the ADI pathway together with arginine since the ldhL mutant is able to degrade arginine under aerobiosis. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Relationships between arginine degradation, pH and survival in Lactobacillus sakei

̈s¹

1999

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…In addition to the acid resistance gene cluster, the L. hongkongensis genome contains two arc gene clusters [arcA (LHK_02729 and LHK_02734), arcB (LHK_02728 and LHK_02733), arcC (LHK_02727 and LHK_02732) and arcD (LHK_02730 and LHK_02731)] of the arginine deiminase pathway which converts L-arginine to carbon dioxide, ATP, and ammonia. The production of ammonia increases the pH of the local environment [26,27]. Similar to other pathogenic bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract, the genome of L. hongkongensis encodes genes for bile resistance.…”

Section: Pathogenic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Genome and Proteome of Laribacter hongkongensis Reveal Potential Mechanisms for Adaptations to Different Temperatures and Habitats

et al. 2009

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Laribacter hongkongensis is a newly discovered Gram-negative bacillus of the Neisseriaceae family associated with freshwater fish–borne gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. The complete genome sequence of L. hongkongensis HLHK9, recovered from an immunocompetent patient with severe gastroenteritis, consists of a 3,169-kb chromosome with G+C content of 62.35%. Genome analysis reveals different mechanisms potentially important for its adaptation to diverse habitats of human and freshwater fish intestines and freshwater environments. The gene contents support its phenotypic properties and suggest that amino acids and fatty acids can be used as carbon sources. The extensive variety of transporters, including multidrug efflux and heavy metal transporters as well as genes involved in chemotaxis, may enable L. hongkongensis to survive in different environmental niches. Genes encoding urease, bile salts efflux pump, adhesin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and other putative virulence factors—such as hemolysins, RTX toxins, patatin-like proteins, phospholipase A1, and collagenases—are present. Proteomes of L. hongkongensis HLHK9 cultured at 37°C (human body temperature) and 20°C (freshwater habitat temperature) showed differential gene expression, including two homologous copies of argB, argB-20, and argB-37, which encode two isoenzymes of N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK)—NAGK-20 and NAGK-37—in the arginine biosynthesis pathway. NAGK-20 showed higher expression at 20°C, whereas NAGK-37 showed higher expression at 37°C. NAGK-20 also had a lower optimal temperature for enzymatic activities and was inhibited by arginine probably as negative-feedback control. Similar duplicated copies of argB are also observed in bacteria from hot springs such as Thermus thermophilus, Deinococcus geothermalis, Deinococcus radiodurans, and Roseiflexus castenholzii, suggesting that similar mechanisms for temperature adaptation may be employed by other bacteria. Genome and proteome analysis of L. hongkongensis revealed novel mechanisms for adaptations to survival at different temperatures and habitats.

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“…This ability to carry out arginolysis at low pH allows ADS-positive streptococci to reverse potentially lethal acidi¢cation. When cells of a variety of ADS-positive streptococci were placed in media with arginine at a pH value of 4.0, they were able within a few hours to raise the pH to neutrality and to resume glycolysis and growth [27]. Moreover, if cells were exposed to environments with maintained pH values below 4.0, they were killed rapidly in the absence of arginine but not in its presence.…”

Section: Protection Against Acid Damage and Nutritional Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali production by oral bacteria and protection against dental caries

Burne

2000

FEMS Microbiology Letters

125

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pH is a key environmental factor affecting the physiology, ecology and pathogenicity of the oral biofilms colonizing the hard tissues of the human mouth. Much attention has been focused on the production of organic acids through the metabolism of carbohydrates by pathogenic oral bacteria. Now, evidence is emerging that alkali generation, particularly through ammonia production from arginine and urea, plays major roles in pH homeostasis in oral biofilms and may moderate initiation and progression of dental caries. This short review highlights recent progress on understanding molecular genetic and physiologic aspects of ammonia generation by prominent oral bacteria. ß

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Arginine deiminase system and bacterial adaptation to acid environments

Cited by 188 publications

References 11 publications

Relationships between arginine degradation, pH and survival in Lactobacillus sakei

Relationships between arginine degradation, pH and survival in Lactobacillus sakei

The Complete Genome and Proteome of Laribacter hongkongensis Reveal Potential Mechanisms for Adaptations to Different Temperatures and Habitats

Alkali production by oral bacteria and protection against dental caries

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