Arginine vasopressin (AVP): a review of its historical perspectives, current research and multifunctional role in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system

Abstract

The questions of how does arginine vasopressin affect the morphology and function of these various areas, and how does the secretion of ACTH and adrenocortical hormones influence the morphology of arginine vasopressin-producing cells and their hormone secretion requires further investigation.

Model Roles of the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophysial System in Neuroscience Study

“…For example, VP is involved in stress, the hypophysialadrenocortical axis, neuroimmune responses, renal function and corticotroph pituitary tumors [124]. Similarly, OXT is extensively involved in many body functions such as sexual activity, penile erection, ejaculation, pregnancy, uterus contraction, milk ejection, maternal behavior, osteoporosis, diabetes, cancer, social bonding, and stress among many others [125,126].…”

Clinical Approach to Commonly Encountered Problems

“…Under normal conditions, plasma osmolality remains relatively constant, varying only by approximately 2%. [636][637][638][639] Initially, AVP was recognized as having two functions, antidiuresis and vasoconstriction. In normal horses, glomerular filtration exceeds 1000 L/day, but 99% is reabsorbed in the renal tubules and collecting ducts.…”

“…636 Body water is controlled by two general mechanisms: (1) fluid intake, which is regulated by factors that influence thirst, and (2) renal excretion of water, which is regulated by factors that affect glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. [636][637][638][639] These osmoreceptors rapidly respond to small increases in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid, which is primarily determined by the sodium concentration. Normal urine is 3 to 4 times more concentrated than plasma with an osmolality of 900 to 1200 mOsm/kg and a specific gravity of 1.025 to 1.050.…”

Role of vasopressin in current anesthetic practice

“…Their activation in the pituitary gland stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone, and prolactin. They are also responsible for the actions of AVP in the central nervous system, such as regulation of social behavior [19]. …”

“…It also exerts effects on the regulation of body temperature and cognitive/social behaviors (memory, anxiety, stress) [71933]. …”