Argon glow discharge plasma‐reduced palladium nanoparticles supported on activated carbon for Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions

Abstract

Palladium nanoparticles supported on activated carbon were prepared by argon glow discharge plasma reduction (Pd/C‐P) without any chemical reducing agents and protective agents. The as‐prepared Pd/C‐P catalyst was characterized using nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The results showed that the palladium nanoparticles reduced by plasma are well dispersed with a smaller particle size than commercial Pd/C. Pd/C‐P exhibited a high catalytic activity in Suzuki and Heck coupling reactions. Moreover, there was no obvious loss of catalytic activity even after eight repeated cycles, showing good reactivity and recyclability.

Palladium Nanoparticles on Assorted Nanostructured Supports: Applications for Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira Cross-Coupling Reactions

“…Although activated carbon and carbon black are common supports for precious Pd nanocatalysts, they generally suffer from the critical shortcoming of Pd leaching during the reaction. 69 Luque and co-workers developed efficient and recyclable carbon-supported Pd nanocatalysts for the Suzuki reaction; well-dispersed Pd NPs on carbon with diameters of 2−2.5 nm were confirmed by TEM analysis (Figure 5). The catalytic activities of Pd/C nanocatalysts were evaluated in aqueous Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, presenting outstanding performance in a short reaction time (5−10 min) and attaining turnover frequency (TOF) values of ∼3000 h −1 .…”

“…The supported Pd nanocatalysts could be easily removed after completion of the coupling process and used for up to eight repeated cycles without a significant loss of catalytic activity. Although activated carbon and carbon black are common supports for precious Pd nanocatalysts, they generally suffer from the critical shortcoming of Pd leaching during the reaction . Luque and co-workers developed efficient and recyclable carbon-supported Pd nanocatalysts for the Suzuki reaction; well-dispersed Pd NPs on carbon with diameters of 2–2.5 nm were confirmed by TEM analysis (Figure ).…”

Biomass waste rice husk derived silica supported palladium nanoparticles: an efficient catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki cross-coupling reactions

“…However, these catalysts are also encountered with several issues pertaining to activity/selectivity and leaching of palladium into the reaction medium [22]. In addition, several chemists have reported heterogeneous palladium catalysts on various supports such as metal oxides [22][23][24][25][26][27], silica [28][29][30][31][32], zeolites [33][34][35], carbon materials [36][37][38], polymers [39][40][41][42][43], MOFs [44][45][46] and others [47][48][49][50][51][52][53] to facilitate the recovery and reuse of precious Pd catalysts. But, the issues related to the use and cost of catalyst supporter stabilizers, reaction conditions, and reproducibility are questioning the practical applicability in the industrial point of view.…”

Immobilized Palladium Nanoparticles on Zirconium Carboxy-Aminophosphonates Nanosheets as an Efficient Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck Coupling

“…Over the past few years, considerable interest has been focused on supported palladium metallic nanoparticles (PdNPs) as an effective approach to achieve high catalytic activity, easy recovery, along with high stability [5][6][7][8][9]. However, the stability and durable catalytic efficiency of nanoparticles, which are very much related to the avoidance of their aggregation and/or their minimal metal leaching in the reaction products, are still a challenge [10,11]. A large number of supports have been used to stabilize the PdNPs, such as carbon materials [12][13][14], inorganic materials [15,16], MOFs [17,18], hybrid materials [19][20][21][22][23][24] and organic polymers [25][26][27].…”