Argumentation Theory

Abstract

Argumentation theory investigates the practices and standards of using arguments. Argumentation is understood as a communicative activity of producing and exchanging reasons in the context of doubt or disagreement. It thus constitutes or contributes to a wide range of fundamental social processes, from political debates to legal disputes, scientific inquiry, and interpersonal conflicts. In contrast to much research within communication, argumentation theory combines descriptive study of how we argue with normative inquiry into the standards of good argumentation. In this sense, it has a long interdisciplinary tradition that starts with ancient rhetoric, dialectic, and logic and continues today to include recent research in areas such as online communication and artificial intelligence.

Four Approaches in Argumentation Analysis: A Review and Comparison of the Toulmin Model, Pragma-Dialectics, Political Discourse Analysis, and Argumentum Model of Topics

“…Öncüller ('premises') argümanın gerçekleştiği bağlama özgü, bağlamın gerçekliğine gömülü -ondan neşet eden-biçimsel değil maddi çıkarımlardır ('material inferences'). Başka deyişle, Toulmin öncüller arasında kurulabilen biçimsel çıkarsama anlayışından uzaklaşmış ve belirli bir tartışma alanındaki önermelerin içeriğine (maddesine) kökünden bağlı bir çıkarım anlayışına yönelmiştir (Lewiński & Mohammed, 2016).…”

“…Veri ile iddia arasında atılan bu adım, argümanın örtük (zımni) kısmı olarak kalır ve analiz sırasında -örnekte gösterildiği gibi-parantez içine alınarak gösterilir. Belirli bir argümanda açıkça ifade edilse de edilmese de 'ruhsat' herkesçe bilindiği kabul edilen, yasa, kural, norm gibi paylaşılan dünyaya ilişkin genel kültür ve fikirlerdir (Lewiński & Mohammed, 2016). Aristoteles'in Topikler kitabından itibaren 'toplumsal kabuller' ya da 'ortak kanaatler' ('endoxa') ile ilişkilendirilen bu genel fikirler çıkarsamaların esasını oluşturlar (Rigotti & Greco, 2019).…”

The Minimal Model of Argumentation: Qualitative data analysis for epistemic speech, text and policy

“…Wenzel argues that “all arguments can be regarded as rhetorical, dialectical and logical phenomena” (Wenzel, 1990, p. 9). Apart from building theory on these three aspects (Lewiński & Mohammed, 2016), contemporary scholarship focuses predominantly on the empirical study of persuasion (see Bauer & Glăveanu, 2011, p. 209). Argumentation and related phenomena have also been investigated in the humanities (van Eemeren et al., 2014; van Eemeren & Grootendorst, 2004).…”

Provocative Insinuations as Hate Speech: Argumentative Functions of Mentioning Ethnicity in Headlines

“…Instead, we think that the relation between (1) and QUD (Q1) is argumentative. Argumentation is the communicative activity of producing and exchanging reasons in situations of doubt or disagreement (Dutilh Novaes 2022; Jackson 2015;Lewiński and Mohammed 2016). For example, the discussion of the students deciding where to go after the seminar is partly an activity of producing reasons for/against going to each place.…”