Argyria presenting as cyanotic heart disease

Rich, Lloyd L.; Epinette, Warren W.; Nasser, Wael

doi:10.1016/0002-9149(72)90075-6

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Gastric biopsy revealed deposition of what was designated as silver granules in the connective tissue (Marshall and Schneider, 1977). Nose drops containing 20% silver iodide 6 times a day for 9 years caused generalized argyria in a 69 year-old man (~0.5 mg silver/kg bw/day 8 ) (Rich et al, 1972). Another case of argyrosis was in a 45-year-old male who had performed intranasal administration of 10% silver nitrate, or socalled Argyrols, 9 for 17 years, using a total volume of ~30 mL/week (i.e., combined volume of the 2 preparations) (Kleckner Jr., 1949).…”

Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review

Hadrup

Sharma

Loeschner

2018

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

255

178

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Silver is used in different applications that result in contact with skin and mucosal surfaces (e.g., jewelry, wound dressings, or eye drops). Intact skin poses an effective barrier against the absorption of silver. Mucosal surfaces are observed to be less effective barriers and compromised skin is often a poor barrier. Silver can deposit as particles in the human body causing a blue-gray discoloration known as argyria. Urine and feces are reported pathways of excretion. Acute human mortality has been observed following an abortion procedure involving the intrauterine administration of 7 g silver nitrate (64 mg silver/kg body weight). Localized argyria has been reported with exposure to silver ions, metallic surfaces, and nanocrystalline silver. Generalized argyria was observed with ionic and nanocrystalline silver in humans at cumulative doses in the range of 70-1500 mg silver/kg body weight. Silver is observed to have a low potential for skin irritation. Eye irritation and some cases of allergic contact dermatitis have been reported. Silver may cause genotoxicity, but additional data are required to assess its carcinogenic potential. Other reported toxicities include hepatic, renal, neurological, and hematological effects.

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Section: A N U S C R I P Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review

Hadrup

Sharma

Loeschner

2018

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

255

178

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“…Ionic silver toxicity includes argyria as described in humans and rats (Buckley and Terhaar 1973;Hanna et al 1974;Rich et al 1972;Walker 1971), neurological effects described in mice (Rungby and Danscher 1984), weight loss and ultimately death as described in rats (Matuk et al 1981;Walker 1971). With the advent of nanotechnology, formulation and use of silver as nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have received considerable attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subacute oral toxicity investigation of nanoparticulate and ionic silver in rats

et al. 2011

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Subacute toxicity of 14 nm nanoparticulate silver (Ag-NP) stabilised with polyvinylpyrrolidone and ionic silver in the form of silver acetate (Ag-acetate) was investigated in four-week-old Wistar rats. Animals received orally by gavage the following: vehicle control (10 ♀, 6 ♂); Ag-NP at doses: 2.25 (8 ♀), 4.5 (8 ♀) or 9 mg/kg bw/day (10 ♀, 6 ♂); or Ag-acetate 9 mg silver/kg bw/day (8 ♀) for 28 days. Clinical, haematolological and biochemical parameters, organ weights, macro- and microscopic pathological changes were investigated. Caecal bacterial phyla and their silver resistance genes were quantified. For the Ag-NP groups, no toxicological effects were recorded. For Ag-acetate, lower body weight gain (day 4-7, 11-14, 14-16, P < 0.05; overall, day 1-28, P < 0.01), increased plasma alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.05), decreased plasma urea (P < 0.05) and lower absolute (P < 0.01) and relative (P < 0.05) thymus weight were recorded. In conclusion, these findings indicate toxicity of 9 mg/kg bw/day ionic silver but not of an equimolar Ag-NP dose. This is in accordance with previously reported data showing that oral Ag-acetate, in comparison with an equimolar dose of Ag-NP, resulted in higher silver plasma and organ concentrations.

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“…The characteristic bluish black pigmentation is known as argyria is due to deposition of silver particles and melanocyte stimulating effect of silver. [22] Few studies have shown cyanocobalamin, vitamin E, and selenium antagonize the toxic effects of silver. [2324] Such reports indicate the possibility that silver as such is not harmful in humans, but may be toxic in those deficient in vitamins and trace minerals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analgesic activity and safety of ash of silver used in Indian system of medicine in mice: A reverse pharmacological study

et al. 2012

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Objective:To study the analgesic activity of ash of silver used in Indian system of medicine and to explore its safety.Materials and Methods:Albino mice of either sex (20-30 gm) were used to investigate the role of ash of silver against noxious stimuli: thermal (Eddy's hot plate and analgesiometer), mechanical (tail clip), and chemical (0.6% acetic acid induced writhing). An effort was made to find nature and site of action of ash of silver following naloxone pre-treatment. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and lethal dosage 50 (LD50) were also studied along with toxicological aspects of ash of silver.Results:Test drug (ash of silver) at a dose of 50 mg/kg p.o exhibited analgesic activity against thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. Analgesic effects were compared with the standard drug, morphine, in thermal and mechanical noxious stimuli and to aspirin in chemical stimulus. Analgesic activity of the test drug was reduced following naloxone pre-treatment. MTD was found out to be greater than 1.5 g/kg p.o. LD50 was 2 g/kg p.o. Fraction of mice showed symptoms of argyria as explained by autopsy reports.Conclusion:Test drug exhibited moderate analgesic activity at 50 mg/kg p.o against all type of noxious stimuli, also suggesting a role of opioidergic system. The ash of silver was been found to be safe upto a dose of 1.5 g/kg p.o. in mice without any untoward toxicity. Further studies are required to explore the effect of ash of silver on pain mediators and excitatory neurotransmitters like glutamate, aspartate, or N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA).

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Argyria presenting as cyanotic heart disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review

Toxicity of silver ions, metallic silver, and silver nanoparticle materials after in vivo dermal and mucosal surface exposure: A review

Subacute oral toxicity investigation of nanoparticulate and ionic silver in rats

Analgesic activity and safety of ash of silver used in Indian system of medicine in mice: A reverse pharmacological study

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