ARIEL Accelerator Overview

Planche, Thomas; Pachal, K; Milner, R.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2391/1/012003

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Specifically, the electron beam energy was fixed at 10 MeV in order to maximize dose rates and target longevity 18 , while the beam (peak) current was nominally set between (± 5%). Current, and therefore dose, variation were unavoidable due to limitations with source stability 38 ; the current variance increased at peak currents much lower than the e-gun design specification including those used for operation in this experiment. To contend with this limitation, beam parameters were verified ahead of each irradiation and online adjustments made, as necessary, according to a standard procedure depending on the delivery mode.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dosimetric characterization of a novel UHDR megavoltage X-ray source for FLASH radiobiological experiments

Esplen,

Egoriti,

Planche

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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A first irradiation platform capable of delivering 10 MV X-ray beams at ultra-high dose rates (UHDR) has been developed and characterized for FLASH radiobiological research at TRIUMF. Delivery of both UHDR (FLASH mode) and low dose-rate conventional (CONV mode) irradiations was demonstrated using a common source and experimental setup. Dose rates were calculated using film dosimetry and a non-intercepting beam monitoring device; mean values for a 100 μA pulse (peak) current were nominally 82.6 and 4.40 × 10−2 Gy/s for UHDR and CONV modes, respectively. The field size for which > 40 Gy/s could be achieved exceeded 1 cm down to a depth of 4.1 cm, suitable for total lung irradiations in mouse models. The calculated delivery metrics were used to inform subsequent pre-clinical treatments. Four groups of 6 healthy male C57Bl/6J mice were treated using thoracic irradiations to target doses of either 15 or 30 Gy using both FLASH and CONV modes. Administration of UHDR X-ray irradiation to healthy mouse models was demonstrated for the first time at the clinically-relevant beam energy of 10 MV.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Dosimetric characterization of a novel UHDR megavoltage X-ray source for FLASH radiobiological experiments

Esplen,

Egoriti,

Planche

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…Similarly, the ARIEL e-linac at TRIUMF (Vancouver, BC, Canada) is currently being adapted for ultrahigh dose-rate delivery and may eventually accelerate electrons with energy up to 30 MeV for in vivo studies. At 10 MeV, the e-linac delivers a quasi-continuous beam with a power of 10 kW, maximum PRF of 10 kHz and the duty cycle can set arbitrarily down to a minimum of 1%, which corresponds to a PRF of 10 Hz (Planche 2019). The expected Ḋ for a 10 MeV continuous electron beam is >1000 Gy s −1 , based on the increased dose-per-electron compared to dose-per-photon and the Bremsstrahlung efficiency of the photon system currently under development (Esplen et al 2019).…”

Section: Prospective Sources 21121 Linear Acceleratorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics and biology of ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: a topical review

Esplen¹,

Mendonca²,

2020

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Ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy (RT), or ‘FLASH’ therapy, has gained significant momentum following various in vivo studies published since 2014 which have demonstrated a reduction in normal tissue toxicity and similar tumor control for FLASH-RT when compared with conventional dose-rate RT. Subsequent studies have sought to investigate the potential for FLASH normal tissue protection and the literature has been since been inundated with publications on FLASH therapies. Today, FLASH-RT is considered by some as having the potential to ‘revolutionize radiotherapy’. FLASH-RT is considered by some as having the potential to ‘revolutionize radiotherapy’. The goal of this review article is to present the current state of this intriguing RT technique and to review existing publications on FLASH-RT in terms of its physical and biological aspects. In the physics section, the current landscape of ultrahigh dose-rate radiation delivery and dosimetry is presented. Specifically, electron, photon and proton radiation sources capable of delivering ultrahigh dose-rates along with their beam delivery parameters are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the benefits and drawbacks of radiation detectors suitable for dosimetry in FLASH-RT are presented. The biology section comprises a summary of pioneering in vitro ultrahigh dose-rate studies performed in the 1960s and early 1970s and continues with a summary of the recent literature investigating normal and tumor tissue responses in electron, photon and proton beams. The section is concluded with possible mechanistic explanations of the FLASH normal-tissue protection effect (FLASH effect). Finally, challenges associated with clinical translation of FLASH-RT and its future prospects are critically discussed; specifically, proposed treatment machines and publications on treatment planning for FLASH-RT are reviewed.

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Production of medical radioisotopes via photonuclear reactions: review of candidates and opportunities for the planned radioactive ion facility at IFIN-HH

SCHUBERT,

LEONTE,

BĂRUȚĂ

et al. 2024

Rom. Rep. Phys.

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Radioisotopes have a growing impact in various fields of industry and medicine. Especially in modern medicine, based on the synergies of nuclear physics, radiochemistry, and radiobiology, the demand for more readily available, higher quality, and also new radioisotopes is constantly increasing. As key components of radiopharmaceuticals, they are used in many ways for diagnostics imaging, and treatments of cancer or other health issues. Diagnostics based on the precise positioning of imaging photons have improved due to recent advances in molecular biology. Ongoing intense research of biological vehicles (transporters), such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), specific proteins and peptides, or other designed molecules led to new and more precise methods to place specific radioisotopes, exactly there where they are intended. The techniques of targeted therapy were developed, based on the precise delivery of cell-killing radiation directly and specifically to cancer cells, too. Imaging techniques are used not only to diagnose but also to monitor the therapy efficacy and follow-up, using highly selective and specific vectors, allowing for the quantification of essential tumour parameters such as receptor density, proliferation index, or hypoxia. Thus, theranostics, which combines matching radioisotopes of similar elements or, ideally, different emissions of the same radioisotope(s) for treatment and monitoring of the therapeutic response at the same time, became an important tool of clinical practice.

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ARIEL Accelerator Overview

Abstract: This paper gives an overview of the ARIEL electron accelerator including the existing facility and possible future upgrade possibilities.

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Dosimetric characterization of a novel UHDR megavoltage X-ray source for FLASH radiobiological experiments

Dosimetric characterization of a novel UHDR megavoltage X-ray source for FLASH radiobiological experiments

Physics and biology of ultrahigh dose-rate (FLASH) radiotherapy: a topical review

Production of medical radioisotopes via photonuclear reactions: review of candidates and opportunities for the planned radioactive ion facility at IFIN-HH

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