Arkema: Castor Reactive Seed Crushing Process to Promote Castor Cultivation

Dubois, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1002/9781118843796.ch3

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Fore xample,h eavy bio-oil components can be removed by means of temperature-swing extraction. [70] Although fouling can be reduced, it can rarely be avoided; hence,c atalyst regeneration will likely be required. [36] Alternatively, crude glycerol can be purified from heavy organic (and inorganic) contaminants by treatment with acrolein to form aketal, which can be evaporated at mild temperatures.…”

Section: Measures To Mitigate Foulingmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Adecade later, Elliott et al [39] extended the study of catalyst contamination to the hydrogenation of glucose to give sorbitol. Dubois and co-workers [69] proposed removing these salt by distilling the crude glycerol in af luidized bed of inert particles to trap-fix the salt and heavy organic contaminants.T he fluidized particles could then be regenerated by acid wash and coke burn off. As al ast example,c rude glycerol is obtained by the alcoholysis of triglycerides,a nd is generally contaminated by various components, including catalyst residue (in this case,N as alts).…”

Section: Source Of Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Renewable Feedstocks: The Problem of Catalyst Deactivation and its Mitigation

2015

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Much research has been carried out in the last decade to convert bio-based feedstock into fuels and chemicals. Most of the research focuses on developing active and selective catalysts, with much less attention devoted to their long-term stability. This Review considers the main challenges in long-term catalyst stability, discusses some fundamentals, and presents options for their mitigation. Three main challenges are discussed: catalyst fouling, catalyst poisoning, and catalyst destruction. Fouling is generally related to the deposition of insoluble components present in the feed or formed by degradation of the feed or intermediates. Poisoning is related to the deposition of electropositive contaminants (e.g. alkali and alkaline earth metals) on acid sites or of electronegative contaminants (e.g. N and S) at hydrogenation sites. Catalyst destruction results from the thermodynamic instability of most oxidic supports, solid acids/bases, and hydrogenation functions under hydrothermal conditions.

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Section: Measures To Mitigate Foulingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Source Of Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Feedstocks: The Problem of Catalyst Deactivation and its Mitigation

2015

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“…[4] Later,a nother synthetic pathway based on propylene oxidation wasa pplied and widely studied. [5,6] Glycerold ehydration has been proposed as ap romising alternative for acrolein production. [5,6] Glycerold ehydration has been proposed as ap romising alternative for acrolein production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Catalyst Acid/Base Properties in Acrolein Production by Oxidative Coupling of Ethanol and Methanol

et al. 2017

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Oxidative coupling of methanol and ethanol represents a new route to produce acrolein. In this work, the overall reaction was decoupled in two steps, the oxidation and the aldolization, by using two consecutive reactors to investigate the role of the acid/base properties of silica-supported oxide catalysts. The oxidation of a mixture of methanol and ethanol to formaldehyde and acetaldehyde was performed over a FeMoO catalyst, and then the product mixture was transferred without intermediate separation to a second reactor, in which the aldol condensation and dehydration to acrolein were performed over the supported oxides. The impact of the acid/base properties on the selectivity towards acrolein was investigated under oxidizing conditions for the first time. The acid/base properties of the catalysts were investigated by NH -, SO -, and methanol-adsorption microcalorimetry. A MgO/SiO catalyst was the most active in acrolein production owing to an appropriate ratio of basic to acidic sites.

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“…Es ist z. [70] Verschmutzung kann reduziert, kaum aber vermieden werden;d aher ist gegebenenfalls die Regeneration des Katalysators notwendig. Dies kann über die Auswahl eines geeigneten Cosolvens gelingen.…”

Section: Maßnahmen Gegen Verschmutzungunclassified

“…Im Fall der Säurehydrolyse von Lignocellulose kann ein Zusatz von organischen Cosolventien wie g-Valerolacton (GVL), Essigsäure oder Methyltetrahydrofuran (mTHF) die Entstehung von Huminen sogar bei einer hohen Lignocellulosekonzentration( Abbildung 4) unterdrücken. Ein Jahrzehnt später erweiterten Elliott et al [39] [69] Die Partikel kçnnen anschließend durch Säurewaschen und Koksabbrand regeneriert werden. [34] Eine Verschmutzung durch schwere Komponenten des Ausgangsstoffs lässt sich auch verringern, indem schwere Kontaminanten entfernt oder exzessive Te mperaturen vermieden werden.…”

Section: Maßnahmen Gegen Verschmutzungunclassified

Nachwachsende Rohstoffe: das Problem der Katalysatordesaktivierung und Wege zu seiner Lösung

Lange

2015

Angewandte Chemie

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Das vergangene Jahrzehnt war Zeuge vielzähliger Forschungsarbeiten zur Umwandlung biobasierter Rohstoffe in Kraftstoffe und Chemikalien. Während der Forschungsschwerpunkt auf der Entwicklung neuer aktiver und selektiver Katalysatoren liegt, findet deren langfristige Stabilität weit weniger Aufmerksamkeit. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert die Hauptanforderungen an langfristige Katalysatorstabilität, diskutiert einige Grundlagen und schlägt Wege zum Erreichen dieses Ziels vor. Drei wesentliche Probleme werden besprochen: Katalysatorverschmutzung, Katalysatorvergiftung und Katalysatorzersetzung. Verschmutzung bezieht sich generell auf die Abscheidung unlöslicher Komponenten, die entweder aus den Ausgangsstoffen selbst oder aus der Zersetzung von Ausgangsstoffen/Zwischenprodukten stammen. Vergiftung beschreibt die Abscheidung elektropositiver Kontaminanten (z. B. Alkali‐ und Erdalkalimetalle) an sauren Zentren oder diejenige elektronegativer Kontaminanten (z. B. N und S) an Hydrierungszentren. Katalysatorzersetzung schließlich resultiert aus der thermodynamischen Instabilität der meisten oxidischen Träger, festen Säuren und Basen sowie der Hydrierfunktionen unter hydrothermalen Bedingungen.

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Arkema: Castor Reactive Seed Crushing Process to Promote Castor Cultivation

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Renewable Feedstocks: The Problem of Catalyst Deactivation and its Mitigation

Renewable Feedstocks: The Problem of Catalyst Deactivation and its Mitigation

Influence of Catalyst Acid/Base Properties in Acrolein Production by Oxidative Coupling of Ethanol and Methanol

Nachwachsende Rohstoffe: das Problem der Katalysatordesaktivierung und Wege zu seiner Lösung

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