ARL Electric-field Cage Modeling, Design and Calibration

Hull, David M.; Vinci, Stephen J.; Zhang, Yongming

doi:10.1109/cefc-06.2006.1632881

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The direct calibration method entails an electric field receiver being placed in a controlled electric field cage in which the receiver is isolated and shielded from the outside environment, as described in Ref. 47. In the cage, the receiver is exposed to a uniform single-frequency electrostatic field with the known amplitude.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-sensitive broadband “AWESOME” electric field receiver for nanovolt low-frequency signals

Gurses

Whitmore

Cohen

2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

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Longwave (defined here as 500 Hz–500 kHz) radio science drives many scientific and engineering applications, including lightning detection and geolocation, subsea and subsurface sensing and communications, navigation and timing, and ionospheric and magnetospheric remote sensing. The hardware performance (i.e., sensitivity and bandwidth) of the receivers that detect long waves determines the maximum amount of information that can be extracted from the acquired data. In this paper, we present and describe an ultra-sensitive electric field receiver that enables broadband radio reception from near-DC up to 470 kHz, augmenting the legacy of the “Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation Modeling and Education” (AWESOME), a state-of-the-art magnetic field receiver completed previously. The AWESOME electric field receiver uses capacitive coupling with a dipole antenna to detect the electric field components of long waves and attains a sensitivity of 0.677 nV/(mHz). This sensitivity allows the detection of natural radio atmospherics and man-made beacon emissions at a global range. The AWESOME electric field receiver can also be integrated with a magnetic field sensor for simultaneous electric and magnetic field reception. In this paper, we detail the design of the receiver, including the receiver architecture, its working principles, design methodology, and trade-offs. We showcase the receiver performance characterized through both numerical models and empirical measurements. We demonstrate a novel calibration method that is quick and straightforward, suitable for deployments in the field. Finally, we demonstrate some novel applications enabled by this receiver’s excellent sensitivity and simultaneous reception capability of electric and magnetic field components of long waves.

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Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-sensitive broadband “AWESOME” electric field receiver for nanovolt low-frequency signals

Gurses

Whitmore

Cohen

2021

Review of Scientific Instruments

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“…The Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has two facilities for generating low-frequency electric and magnetic fields for sensor calibration and characterization, as well as for hardware-in-the-loop experiments. The electric-field cage, constructed in 2006, generates a uniform, single-axis electric field to a high degree of accuracy [20]. It is composed of two large parallel plates separated by 4.2 m with 20 equally space "guard tubes" between them to control the fringing fields.…”

Section: Real-world Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary Element Solution of Electromagnetic Fields for Non-Perfect Conductors at Low Frequencies and Thin Skin Depths

Gumerov,

Adelman,

Duraiswami

2020

Preprint

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A novel boundary element formulation for solving problems involving eddy currents in the thin skin depth approximation is developed. It is assumed that the time-harmonic magnetic field outside the scatterers can be described using the quasistatic approximation. A two-term asymptotic expansion with respect to a small parameter characterizing the skin depth is derived for the magnetic and electric fields outside and inside the scatterer, which can be extended to higher order terms if needed. The introduction of a special surface operator (the inverse surface gradient) allows the reduction of the problem complexity. A method to compute this operator is developed. The obtained formulation operates only with scalar quantities and requires computation of surface operators that are usual for boundary element (method of moments) solutions to the Laplace equation. The formulation can be accelerated using the fast multipole method. The method is much faster than solving the vector Maxwell equations. The obtained solutions are compared with the Mie solution for scattering from a sphere and the error of the solution is studied. Computations for much more complex shapes of different topologies, including for magnetic and electric field cages used in testing are also performed and discussed.

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“…High-quality electric- and magnetic-field sensors are readily available, either in research form (Heintzelman, 2015) or as commercial products (NARDA Safety Test Solutions, 2020; Quasar Federal Systems, 2017). Facilities for calibrating and characterizing them have also been constructed (Ghionea et al, 2013; Heintzelman and Hull, 2015; Hull et al, 2006). The relationship between the voltages and currents on the lines and the electric and magnetic fields around them is linear, so the latter can be used to estimate the former.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly parallel boundary element method for solving extremely large, wide-area power-line models

Adelman

2020

The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applica

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The electric and magnetic fields around power lines carry an immense amount of information about the power grid and can be used to improve stability, balance loads, conserve power, and reduce outages. To study this, an extremely large model of transmission lines over a 70-km2 tract of land near Washington, DC, has been built. The terrain was modeled accurately using 1-m-resolution LIDAR data. The 140-million-element power-line model was solved using the boundary element method, and the solvers were parallelized across DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory’s Centennial supercomputer using a modified version of the domain decomposition method. The code on each node was accelerated using the fast multipole method and, when available, GPUs. Additionally, larger test models were used to characterize the scalability of the code. The largest test model had 10,010,944,000 elements, and was solved on 1,024 nodes in 4.3 hours.

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ARL Electric-field Cage Modeling, Design and Calibration

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Ultra-sensitive broadband “AWESOME” electric field receiver for nanovolt low-frequency signals

Ultra-sensitive broadband “AWESOME” electric field receiver for nanovolt low-frequency signals

Boundary Element Solution of Electromagnetic Fields for Non-Perfect Conductors at Low Frequencies and Thin Skin Depths

Highly parallel boundary element method for solving extremely large, wide-area power-line models

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