Armed Non-State Actors and Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict

Lostal, Marina; Hausler, Kristin; Bongard, Pascal

doi:10.1017/s0940739117000200

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…181 Nevertheless Lostal et al note that non-state armed groups attitudes towards cultural heritage are diverse, and they identify two trends of destructive and safeguarding. 182 With the former of these trends the destruction carried out by IS or Ansar Dine demonstrate these groups ideological goals in rejecting other religions and the international community. Building and monuments can be 'ideologically saturated', politicised by how and why they are 'built, regarded and destroyed.'…”

Section: A New Approach?mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Bridge Too Far? Attacks against Cultural Property used as Military Objectives as War Crimes: The Prlić et al. Case and the Mostar Bridge

Moffett

2020

Int. Crim. Law Rev.

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The destruction of the cultural property in conflict zones around the world has captured international attention on the need to prevent its destruction and prosecute those responsible. This article examines the current legal protection and international criminal framework on the criminalisation of the destruction of cultural property and in particular the exception to such destruction amounting to a war crime where they have become military objectives. This article discusses the recent decision in the Prlić et al. case involving the Mostar bridge, in light of its being justified to be attacked as a military objective. This article argues that considerations of proportionality are still required in such circumstances. This is vital to minimise the cost to communities and peoples whose cultural identity is bound up with such cultural objects. The article also suggests that the perfidious use of cultural property by parties to a conflict should be criminalised.

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Section: A New Approach?mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Bridge Too Far? Attacks against Cultural Property used as Military Objectives as War Crimes: The Prlić et al. Case and the Mostar Bridge

Moffett

2020

Int. Crim. Law Rev.

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“…Destructive trends in contemporary armed conflicts and the overlooked aspect of intangible cultural heritage UNESCOa focal point for the implementation of the protection of cultural heritageare unable to engage directly with NSAGs because of entrenched restrictions within their mandate, or political limitations. 103 Unfortunately, the change in narrative towards a community-centred approach has not been accompanied by effective structural changes.…”

Section: Strengthening Legitimacy and Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Destructive trends in contemporary armed conflicts and the overlooked aspect of intangible cultural heritage: A critical comparison of the protection of cultural heritage under IHL and the Islamic law of armed conflict

Arnal¹

2020

Int. rev. Red Cross

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The destruction of cultural heritage in armed conflicts has gained increasing political momentum and visibility over the last two decades. Syria, Iraq and Mali, among others, have witnessed the intentional destruction of their cultural heritage by non-State armed groups (NSAGs) that have invoked Islamic law and principles to legitimize their actions. The response of the international community has predominantly focused on the material aspect, to the detriment of the significant impact on the associated intangible manifestation of cultural heritage in local communities. This article argues that several Islamic legal rules and principles may, more adequately than international humanitarian law, safeguard the intangible dimension of cultural heritage in certain contemporary armed conflicts in Muslim contexts. It aims to demonstrate the importance of drawing from multiple legal traditions in order to enhance the protection of intangible cultural heritage in armed conflicts and to strengthen engagement with the relevant NSAGs.

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“…Heritage in Africa is facing multiple threats, including economic development, agricultural expansion, urbanisation, the direct and indirect effects of conflict, hydro-meteorological hazards, mineral and fossil fuel exploration, looting and illicit trade in cultural materials, the impacts of tourism, vandalism, low prioritisation and neglect (Anag et al 2002;Brooks 2005;di Lernia 2005;Keenan 2005;Mitchell 2008;Cunliffe 2017;Lostal et al 2017;Nicu 2017;Pavlova et al 2017;Chirikure et al 2017;Nhamo 2018). Climate change associated with anthropogenic global warming represents an additional and potentially profound threat to African heritage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African heritage in a changing climate

Brooks

Clarke

Ngaruiya

et al. 2020

Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa

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Climate change is a real and present threat to heritage across the world. In Europe and North America, research on the impacts of climate change on heritage, including how to mitigate against more frequent extreme weather events and how to implement efficient sustainable adaptation planning, are now key foci of heritage literature. In contrast, virtually nothing has been written about the impacts of climate change on heritage on the African continent, even though these will be significant in the coming decades. Heritage is essential for livelihoods, but also for the construction and reinforcement of identity and the psychological wellbeing of society. Here we consider the impacts of climate change on different (connected) forms of heritage in Africa, including archaeological, historical and living heritage. We situate the implications of climate change for African heritage in recent debates around climate justice, sustainability and social wellbeing. We conclude that without significant intervention some of Africa's most important heritage will be lost as a result of the direct and indirect impacts of climate change over the coming decades. Our intention is to draw attention to the need for research into the impacts of climate change on different forms of heritage in Africa and to highlight the possible deleterious effects these losses will have on society more generally. We view this paper as a first step in developing a research agenda that will have a practical application for the management of heritage in the face of climate change in Africa. KEYWORDS Africa; heritage; climate change; sustainability; climate justice RÉSUMÉ Le changement climatique est une menace réelle et présente pour le patrimoine à travers le monde. En Europe et en Amérique du Nord, la recherche sur les impacts du changement climatique sur le patrimoine, y compris la manière de lutter contre des événements météorologiques extrêmes plus fréquents et la manière de mettre en oeuvre une planification efficace de l'adaptation durable, sont désormais des axes clés de la littérature sur le patrimoine. En revanche, pratiquement rien n'a été écrit sur les impacts du changement climatique sur le patrimoine sur le continent africain, même s'ils seront importants dans les prochaines décennies. Le patrimoine est essentiel pour les moyens de subsistance, mais aussi pour la construction et le renforcement de l'identité et le bien-être psychologique de la société. Ici, nous considérons les impacts du changement climatique sur différentes formes (connectées) de patrimoine en Afrique, y compris le patrimoine archéologique, historique et vivant. Nous situons les implications du changement climatique pour le patrimoine africain dans les débats récents sur la justice climatique, la durabilité et le bien-être social. Nous concluons que sans intervention significative, une partie du patrimoine le plus important de l'Afrique sera perdue en raison des impacts directs et indirects du changement climatique au cours des prochaines décennies. Notre intention est d'att...

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Armed Non-State Actors and Cultural Heritage in Armed Conflict

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

A Bridge Too Far? Attacks against Cultural Property used as Military Objectives as War Crimes: The Prlić et al. Case and the Mostar Bridge

A Bridge Too Far? Attacks against Cultural Property used as Military Objectives as War Crimes: The Prlić et al. Case and the Mostar Bridge

Destructive trends in contemporary armed conflicts and the overlooked aspect of intangible cultural heritage: A critical comparison of the protection of cultural heritage under IHL and the Islamic law of armed conflict

African heritage in a changing climate

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