Density management is often used by silviculturists to guide stand composition and development. We examined the effects of cleaning (hardwood removal) and four levels of precommercial thinning (0, 20, 35 and 50% basal area removal) on stand development in a dense, 24-year-old upland black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) plantation near Beardmore, Ontario. Immediately before treatment, stand densities and basal areas for all species and for black spruce averaged 7375 and 6415 stems ha -1 , and 27.9 and 20.5 m 2 ha -1 , respectively. Seventeen years after treatment, black spruce total stand volume (V T ) was higher in the cleaned, unthinned plots (243 m 3 ha -1 ) than in the untreated controls (171 m 3 ha -1 ) while total stand volume increment of all species combined was similar in these two treatments. Compared with cleaning alone, thinning cleaned plots from below increased quadratic mean diameters (D Q ) by up to 9% but decreased V T by up to 28%. At plantation age 41, increases in black spruce densities of 1000 stems ha -1 resulted in mean decreases of 0.6 cm in D Q and mean increases of 43 m 3 ha -1 in V T . Endemic black spruce stem mortality rates decreased with thinning intensity, with mortality concentrated in the smallest size classes. In some plots, mortality was increased by wind or snow damage, and by root rots. Height increment of dominant trees was unaffected by thinning. Projected yields at age 55 (the physical rotation age-the age at which maximum mean annual increment occurs) suggest the heaviest precommercial thinning could increase quadratic mean diameter from 16.1 to 17.7 cm, but decrease merchantable stand volume from 292 to 225 m 3 ha -1 . Results indicate that total black spruce fibre yields and product value on these sites will be maximized in denser stands. Cleaning appears to offer greater benefits for black spruce fibre production than precommercial thinning.Key words: black spruce, precommercial thinning, cleaning, density management, projected yields Tout juste avant le traitement, les densités du peuplement et les surfaces terrières pour toutes les espèces et pour l'épinette noire atteignaient respectivement en moyenne 7 375 et 6 415 tiges ha -1 et 27,9 et 20,5 m 2 ha -1 . Dix-sept ans après le traitement, le volume total du peuplement d'épinette noire (VT) était supérieur dans les parcelles dégagées et non éclaircies (243 m 3 ha -1 ) par rapport aux parcelles-témoins (171 m 3 ha -1 ) tandis que l'accroissement total en volume du peuplement, toutes espèces combinées, était semblable dans ces deux traitements. Par comparaison avec seulement le dégagement, les parcelles éclaircies par le bas et dégagées ont connu une augmentation des diamètres quadratiques moyens (DQ) atteignant jusqu'à 9 % mais une diminution du VT allant jusqu'à 28 %. Dans la plantation à l'âge de 41 ans, les accroissements des densités d'épinette noire de 1 000 tiges ha -1 ont entraîné des diminutions de 0,6 cm du DQ et des accroissements moyens du VT de 43 m 3 ha -1 . Les taux de mortalité endémique de...