Arnold Kirkpatrick Henry (1886–1962) and his eponym (Master Knot of Henry): a narrative review

Beğer, Orhan; Çalışır, Ebru Sena; Sevmez, Fatma; İnce, Rümeysa; Özdemir, Ayşe Nur; Keskinbora, Mert

doi:10.1007/s00276-021-02847-x

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Therefore, various surgical methods, such as single-incision, double-incision, and minimally invasive techniques, have been developed. In particular, the double-incision method performed based on the MKH is known as a method used to collect long (about 3 cm) tendons, as opposed to the single-incision method [ 6 , 7 ]. During surgery, the location of the MKH on the surface can be utilized as an important indicator of tendon reconstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the importance of the precise location of the MKH is emphasized as such, studies about the location of the MKH on the surface are rare, and there is no consensus on anatomical study [ 6 , 7 ]. To our knowledge, no previous studies have been confirmed to predict the length of flexor tendon parameters based on foot length, and to use this to determine the location of the MKH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simple Method to Locate the Master Knot of Henry Using the Correlation between the Flexor Tendon Length Parameter and the Foot Length

Park

Lee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The precise location of the Master Knot of Henry (MKH) has important clinical significance, but its anatomical definition has not been agreed upon. The purpose of this study is to present a linear regression equation for predicting length variables based on foot length, by evaluating the correlation of length variables related to flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL), with respect to the location of the MKH. A total of 95 limbs were dissected from 48 adult cadavers, and were fixed in formalin. Measurements were made for the length parameter, with reference to the landmark. The relevance between length variables was analyzed through simple correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. The foot length was 213.69 ± 17.53 mm, MKH-great toe distal phalanx was 140.16 ± 14.69 mm, MKH-FHL insertion was 124.55 ± 13.46 mm, MKH-little toe distal phalanx was 121.79 ± 13.41 mm, MKH-FDL little toe insertion was 109.07 ± 14.16 mm, and the FHL-FDL angle was 33.15 ± 5.39. The correlation coefficient between all the length variables for foot length showed a high positive correlation. We derived a regression equation that can predict the length of each variable. This regression formula is considered to be highly useful because it can estimate the positional relationship of the MKH relatively simply.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Method to Locate the Master Knot of Henry Using the Correlation between the Flexor Tendon Length Parameter and the Foot Length

Park

Lee

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, the tendon of FHL is reported to give off accessory tendinous slips that insert variably on the second, third, and fourth digits [ 5 , 6 ]. However, in all reported cases involving accessory tendinous slips from FHL, QP inserts on FDL or both FDL and FHL, but not exclusively on FHL [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interconnections between the tendons of FDL and FHL were first described by Arnold Kirkpatrick Henry in 1945 as the master knot of Henry, and have since become known as the chiasma plantare [ 7 ]. The chiasma plantare is described as an intersection between the tendons of FDL and FHL where they cross in the midfoot [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chiasma plantare is described as an intersection between the tendons of FDL and FHL where they cross in the midfoot [ 9 ]. This relationship serves as an important landmark in tendon harvesting for grafting procedures [ 7 , 10 ]. Since Henry’s initial description, multiple classification systems have been proposed to describe variations in the connections between both tendons [ 7 , 8 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Unique Variation of Quadratus Plantae in Relation to the Tendons of the Midfoot

Coomar

Daly

Bauman

2022

JFMK

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A novel combination of variations involving the quadratus plantae muscle (QP) and its relationship to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon was observed unilaterally in the right foot of an 88-year-old female cadaver during routine dissection. The medial head of QP was observed inserting onto the tendon of FHL rather than the tendon of flexor digitorum longus (FDL), while also contributing to an anomalous tendinous slip to the second digit in conjunction with the tendon of FHL. The tendon of FHL also gave off a slip to the third digit. Both tendinous slips attached distally to the digital tendons of FDL. Lastly, the lateral head of QP inserted onto the tendinous slip from FHL to the third digit. Ninety-five additional feet were assessed for these variations, but none were observed. This combination of variations expands upon the proposed actions of QP in the literature. Furthermore, connections between the tendons of the midfoot are of clinical significance for harvesting tendon grafts.

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MRI evaluation of interconnections between flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus around the Master knot of Henry

2023

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Arnold Kirkpatrick Henry (1886–1962) and his eponym (Master Knot of Henry): a narrative review

Cited by 4 publications

References 52 publications

A Simple Method to Locate the Master Knot of Henry Using the Correlation between the Flexor Tendon Length Parameter and the Foot Length

A Simple Method to Locate the Master Knot of Henry Using the Correlation between the Flexor Tendon Length Parameter and the Foot Length

A Unique Variation of Quadratus Plantae in Relation to the Tendons of the Midfoot

MRI evaluation of interconnections between flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus around the Master knot of Henry

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