Aromatherapy: Activating olfactory calcium‐sensing receptors impairs renal hemodynamics via sympathetic nerve‐mediated vasoconstriction

Abstract

Calcium-sensing receptor acts as a functional chemosensory receptor on olfactory sensory neuron, and its activation causes the global sympathetic enhancement contributing to systematic vasoconstriction and subsequently depresses renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. These data implicate a possibly clinical aspect that several environmental stimuli may activate olfactory calcium-sensing receptors to evoke a sympathetic nervous system-mediated neurovascular reflex to depress renal hemodynamics.

Smelling through calcium‐sensing receptor affects sympathetic control of blood pressure and regional blood flow

“…2 In the present issue of Acta Physiologica, a G-protein-coupled receptor with known ligand, the calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, that is expressed abundantly in kidney and parathyroid, is now documented also in the nasal olfactory epithelium of rat, and moreover, its activation shown to initiate sympathetic efferent nerve activity to increase blood pressure and decrease perfusion of the renal, hepatic, and enteric vascular beds. 3 The findings show a direct coupling between activation of the CaSR in the olfactory epithelium and increased peripheral vascular resistance by sympathetic excitation. The relevance for human vs rodent physiology, needs to be established.…”

Google maps for tissues: Multiscale imaging of biological systems and disease

“…The capabilities of parametric MRI using the MR relaxation parameter T 1 for non-invasive tissue characterization were employed to demonstrate that overexpression of integrin α11 induces cardiac fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy in mice. 3 Increased renal sympathetic nervous activity depressed GFR within 30 seconds upon stimulation of intranasal CaSR. These MRI metrics are instrumental to monitor cerebrovascular changes: a recent study revealed that acute mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 inhibition improves functional recovery and vascular changes after ischaemic stroke by means of in vivo T 2 and ADC mapping in rats.…”

“…1 Another group of MR techniques for tissue characterization makes use of the relaxation time T 2 to probe for tissue water changes or the apparent water diffusion coefficient (ADC) to monitor changes in the intra-and extracellular volume. 3 Unlike MR renography, the measurement of GFR by clearance techniques would require much longer sampling periods. 2 Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI can be used for characterization of tissue perfusion.…”

“…This MR renography approach was recently applied to study the response to stimulation of olfactory calcium-sensing receptors (CaSR) and to detail the pathways and mechanisms of this response in rats. 3 Increased renal sympathetic nervous activity depressed GFR within 30 seconds upon stimulation of intranasal CaSR. 3 Unlike MR renography, the measurement of GFR by clearance techniques would require much longer sampling periods.…”

“…3 Increased renal sympathetic nervous activity depressed GFR within 30 seconds upon stimulation of intranasal CaSR. 3 Unlike MR renography, the measurement of GFR by clearance techniques would require much longer sampling periods. This is prohibitive for the study of very short-term effects such as olfactory CaSR activation and highlights the benefits and value of DCE-MRI based characterization.…”