Aromatic diesel emissions as a function of engine conditions

Jensen, Trescott E.; Hites, Ronald A.

doi:10.1021/ac00255a003

Cited by 101 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For diesel vehicles, Mphen/Phen ratios of 1.5 for gas-phase emissions (Westerholm et al, 1991) and 1.4-8 for particle-phase emissions (Lim et al, 1999;Takada et al, 1990;Westerholm et al, 1991;Zielinska et al, 2004b) have been reported, while for gasoline vehicles, ratios of 0.2-0.7 (Takada et al, 1990;Westerholm et al, 1988) and most recently a ratio of approximately 1.0 for five in-use "normal particulate matter emitters" (Zielinska et al, 2004b), have been reported. While there are significant variations in reported ratios, and operating parameters such as the engine load are known to affect the ratio (Jensen and Hites, 1983), in general ratios >1 have been reported from diesel emission sources.…”

Section: Pah Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Understanding sources, concentrations, and transformations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere is important because of their potent mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The measurement of particlebound PAHs by three different methods during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area field campaign in April 2003 presents a unique opportunity for characterization of these compounds and intercomparison of the methods. The three methods are (1) collection and analysis of bulk samples for time-integrated gas-and particle-phase speciation by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; (2) aerosol photoionization for fast detection of PAHs on particles' surfaces; and (3) aerosol mass spectrometry for fast analysis of size and chemical composition. This research represents the first time aerosol mass spectrometry has been used to measure ambient PAH concentrations and the first time that fast, real-time methods have been used to quantify PAHs alongside traditional filter-based measurements in an extended field campaign. Speciated PAH measurements suggest that motor vehicles and garbage and wood burning are important sources in Mexico City. The diurnal concentration patterns captured by aerosol photoionization and aerosol mass spectrometry are generally consistent. Ambient concentrations of particlephase PAHs typically peak at ∼110 ng m −3 during the morning rush hour and rapidly decay due to changes in source activity patterns and dilution as the boundary layer rises, although surface-bound PAH concentrations decay faster. The more rapid decrease in surface versus bulk PAH concentraCorrespondence to: L. C. Marr (lmarr@vt.edu) tions during the late morning suggests that freshly emitted combustion-related particles are quickly coated by secondary aerosol material in Mexico City's atmosphere and may also be transformed by heterogeneous reactions.

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Section: Pah Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City

et al. 2006

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“…Combustion of organic materials is mainly responsible for their ubiquitous distribution in the atmosphere, surface waters, and sediments (13,21,26). PACs are also constituents of crude oils and materials derived from coal (e.g., creosote and coal tar).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions of a versatile fluorene-degrading bacterial isolate on polycyclic aromatic compounds?

Grifoll¹,

Selifonov²,

Gatlin³

et al. 1996

Environmental Pollution

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“…Fuel-rich combustion in a jet-stirred reactor (fuel equivalence ratio, 2.37, C/O, 0.79 1) provides baseline input to a close-coupled, plug-flow reactor where continuing molecular-weight growth reactions occur. Detailed descriptions of this combustor are available elsewhere (23)(24)(25).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…tiuaematter (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). A growing body of data has revealed that many CP-PAHs are mutagens and animal carcinogens and thus do~potentially pose a significant health threat to humans (2,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) Figure 1.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and human cell mutagenicity study of some C18H10 cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with fossil fuels combustion.

Lafleur

Longwell²,

Marr³

et al. 1993

Environ Health Perspect

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A number of isomeric C18H10 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), thought to be primarily cyclopenta-fused PAHs, are produced during the combustion and pyrolysis of fossil fuels. To determine the importance of their contributions to the total mutagenic activity of combustion and pyrolysis samples in which they are found, we characterized reference quantities of four C18H10 CP-PAHs: benzo[ghi]fluoranthene (BF), cyclopenta[cd]pyrene (CPP), cyclopent[hi]acephenanthrylene (CPAP), and cyclopent[hi]aceanthrylene (CPAA). Synthesis of CPAA and CPAP is described. The availability of reference samples of these isomers also proved to be an essential aid in the identification of the C18H10 species often found in combustion and pyrolysis samples. Chemical analysis of selected combustion and pyrolysis samples showed that CPP was generally the most abundant C18H10 isomer, followed by CPAP and BF. CPAA was detected only in pyrolysis products from pure PAHs. We tested the four C18H10 PAHs for mutagenicity in a forward mutation assay using S. typhimurium. CPP, BF, and CPAA were roughly twice as mutagenic as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), whereas CPAP was only slightly active. These PAHs were also tested for mutagenic activity in human cells. In this assay, CPP and CPAA were strongly mutagenic but less active than BaP, whereas CPAP and BF were inactive at the dose levels tested. Also, the bacterial and human cell mutagenicity of CPAA and CPAP were compared with the mutagenicity of their monocyclopenta-fused analogs, aceanthrylene and acephenanthyrlene. Although the mutagenicities of CPAP and acephenanthrylene are similar, the mutagenic activity of CPAA is an order of magnitude greater than that of aceanthyrlene.

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Aromatic diesel emissions as a function of engine conditions

Cited by 101 publications

References 14 publications

Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City

Sources and transformations of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City

Actions of a versatile fluorene-degrading bacterial isolate on polycyclic aromatic compounds?

Bacterial and human cell mutagenicity study of some C18H10 cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with fossil fuels combustion.

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