Aromatic plants of tropical Central Africa. Part XXXI. Tricyclic sesquiterpenes from the root essential oil of Echinops giganteus var. lelyi C. D. Adams

Traditional herbal remedies and dietary spices from Cameroon as novel sources of larvicides against filariasis mosquitoes?

“…Other conditions are as follows: injector and detector temperatures, 280°C; carrier gas, He; flow rate, 1 mL/min; split ratio, 1:50; acquisition range, 29-400 m/z in electron-impact (EI) mode; ionization voltage, 70 eV. The essential oils were diluted 1:100 in nhexane, then 2 μL was injected into GC-MS. For identification of the essential oil components, co-injection with commercial standards was used whenever possible, together with correspondence of retention indices (RIs) and mass spectra (MS) with respect to those reported in commercial libraries (Adams 2007;NIST 08 2008;FFNSC2 2012) and literature (Menut et al 1997;El-Sayed 2016). Semi-quantification of essential oil components was made by peak area normalization considering the same GC response of the detector towards all volatile constituents.…”

“…The most abundant compounds were tricyclic sesquiterpenoids such as silphiperfol-6-ene (23.0 %) and presilphiperfolan-8-ol (22.7 %), followed by presilphiperfol-7-ene (7.8 %), cameroonan-7-α-ol (7.8 %) and (E)-caryophyllene (6.3 %). These results were consistent with those obtained by Menut et al (1997), although some discrepancies were found. They consisted in a lower amount of presilphiperfolan-8-ol (6.5 %) and the absence of cameroonan-7-α-ol that is the major contributor to the strong woody and patchouli-like smell of the root oil (Taber and Nelson, 2011).…”

“…giganteus, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is a branched herb, 60-150 cm tall, with roots that are widely used in the traditional medicine of Cameroon and Nigeria for the treatment of various diseases and illnesses such as heart and gastric troubles, to calm stomach ache, to give carminative help and reduce the effects of alcohol, and reduces asthma attacks (Menut et al 1997;Tene et al 2004). In previous studies, the methanolic extract of this plant has been shown to have antibacterial , antifungal (Dzoyem et al 2014) and antioxidant effects (Abdou et al 2010).…”

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“…The inflorescence is ball-like surrounded by bracts and scales with whitish florets, pointed style, hairy achene, pubescent with tiny tuft of whitish silk at the summit (Abdou et al, 2012). The inflorescence and roots of several Echinops species have been traditionally employed in the Ethiopian, Cameroonian and Chinese folk medicine in the treatment of haemorrhoids and disorders related to the reproductive system due to their phytochemical properties (Menut et al, 1997). The root is highly exploited as a spice in culinary preparations and is commercialised in local markets (Noumi, 1984).…”

Analysis of lipophilic fraction from leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes of Silphium perfoliatum L.

“…The qualitative analysis was carried out on the basis of MS spectra which were compared with the spectra of the NIST library (1992) and the LIBR (TR) terpenes library provided by Finnigan MAT (1990), and data available in literature (Bohlmann, Jakupovic 1979, 1980Bohlmann et al 1977Bohlmann et al , 1979aCareri et al 2001;Killops, Frewin 1994;Kowalski, Wolski in press 2004 online;Joulain, König 1998;Zalkow et al 1977Zalkow et al , 1978SCRI 2003). Identity of the compounds was confirmed by their retention indices taken from literature and own data (Kowalski 2001;Menut et al 1997;Weyerstahl et al 1997;Joulain, König 1998;Kowalski, Wolski in press 2004 online;Palá--Paúl et al 2002;Tellez et al 2002).…”