Around the European periphery 1870-1913: Globalization, schooling and growth

O’Rourke, Kevin; Williamson, Jeffrey G.

doi:10.1017/s1361491697000087

Cited by 85 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is generally agreed that the Nordic countries benefited from their trade-oriented policies, rapidly converging to the income levels of the core countries, while Iberia fell behind, arguably, at least in part, for the opposite reason (O'Rourke and Williamson 1997). Research on the ecological consequences of this globalizing trade is usually limited to the impact of the New World in the industrialization of Europe, more specifically Britain (Pomeranz 2000;Hornborg 2006), or demand for some particular products (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuelling the English breakfast: hidden energy flows in the Anglo-Danish trade 1870–1913

Henriques

Warde

2017

Reg Environ Change

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The 1870-1914 globalization period had profound impacts on the international division of labour, with coalendowed countries specializing in the production of energyintensive manufacturing goods and others in the production of agricultural goods. This study analyses the environmental consequences of this specialization, by quantifying the flows of energy and hidden energy embodied in the bilateral trade between the UK, the industrial workshop of the world, and Denmark, a coal-poor country with an agricultural economy. We show that the transformations that occurred in Danish agriculture to meet the growing demand for breakfast foods in the UK required significant quantities of feed and coal. Denmark was a net importer of energy throughout the period and a net importer of hidden energy in 1870. However, by the end of this wave of globalization, Denmark had become a significant net exporter of hidden energy to the UK. This was due both to an increase in its land productivity and to the import of coal, grain and fertilizers from abroad.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuelling the English breakfast: hidden energy flows in the Anglo-Danish trade 1870–1913

Henriques

Warde

2017

Reg Environ Change

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“…Such problems were cause for criticism of Baumol's exploratory econometric analysis (De Long 1988). Thus, the availability of new data based on real wages, and using additional PPP benchmarks from the 1920s and 1900-13, provides a welcome consistency check on Maddison's aggregates (Williamson 1995, O'Rourke andWilliamson 1997). Tables 2 and 3 show exactly what it is we wish to explain.…”

Section: Convergence: Contemporary Debate and Late Nineteenth Centurymentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Although Abramovitz characterized the convergence before 1913 as weak, it turns out that the speed of convergence then was very close to the long-run average. He noted further the distinction to be drawn between the convergence hypothesis and the catch-up hypothesis: economic growth may depend on other factors besides technologically driven catch up, for exam- 1870-1937I9I3-I95O 1950-1987 Sources: Abramovitz (1986), Maddison (1982Maddison ( , 1991, Williamson (1995), O'Rourke and Williamson (1997). pie, physical or human capital deepening (Mankiw et al 1992, Dowrick andNguyen 1989). 4 Abramovitz (1986) anticipated many refinements contained in the subsequent literature.…”

Section: Convergence: Contemporary Debate and Late Nineteenth Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the real wage data set has since been revised and is fully described in O'Rourke and Williamson (1997). The countries are: Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Australia, Canada, and the United States.…”

Section: Econometric Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumer real wages for each country are based on the international real wage indices developed by Williamson (1995) and revised in O'Rourke and Williamson (1997). Internationally-comparable real wages were calculated for several base years by utilizing purchasing-power-parity (PPP) exchange rates.…”

Section: Appendix 1: Labour Demand Econometricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Convergence in the age of mass migration

Taylor

Williamson

1997

European Review of Economic History

Self Cite

166

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Between 1870 and 1913 economic convergence among present OECD members (or an even wider sample of countries) was dramatic, about as dramatic as it has been over the past century and a half. What were the sources of the convergence? One prime candidate is mass migration. This paper offers some estimates which suggest that migration could account for very large shares of the convergence in labour productivity and real wages, though a much smaller share in GDP per capita. One might conclude, therefore, that virtual cessation of convergence in the interwar period could be partially explained by the imposition of quotas and other barriers to migration.

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Growth, Distribution, and Demography: Some Lessons from History

Williamson

1998

Explorations in Economic History

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Around the European periphery 1870-1913: Globalization, schooling and growth

Cited by 85 publications

References 39 publications

Fuelling the English breakfast: hidden energy flows in the Anglo-Danish trade 1870–1913

Fuelling the English breakfast: hidden energy flows in the Anglo-Danish trade 1870–1913

Convergence in the age of mass migration

Growth, Distribution, and Demography: Some Lessons from History

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