Arrhythmias and Heart Rate: Mechanisms and Significance of a Relationship

Zaza, Antonio; Ronchi, Carlotta; Malfatto, Gabriella

doi:10.15420/aer.2018.12.3

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…HR is an easily measured parameter of cardiac activity, and changes in HR can have a direct impact on the cardiovascular system. Caetano and Alves ( 2015 ) reported that elevated resting HR is an independent predictor of cardiovascular and total mortality, and the occurrence of arrhythmias is, thus, often associated with baseline HR, which has prognostic significance (Zaza et al., 2018 ). It can, therefore, be assumed that the initial HR in in vivo cardiovascular studies can significantly influence the results obtained during the experiment, what is also valid for rats (Baldwin et al., 2008 ; Heisser, 2020 ; Hannon, 1958 ).…”

Section: Hrv and Hrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences, chronobiology and general anaesthesia in activities of the autonomic nervous system in rats

Švorc

Grešová

2023

Experimental Physiology

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New Findings What is the topic of this review?Changes in heart rate variability in rats with sex differences and the use of different anaesthesia during light–dark cycles. What advances does it highlight?The review highlights and discusses synthesized current results in order to advance knowledge and understanding of sex differences with an emphasis on changes in the autonomic nervous system determined by heart rate variability. Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is commonly used in experimental studies to assess sympathetic and parasympathetic activities. The belief that HRV in rodents reflects similar cardiovascular regulations in humans is supported by evidence, and HRV in rats appears to be at least analogous to that in humans, although the degree of influence of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) may be greater in rats than in humans. Experimental studies are based on control or baseline values, on the basis of which the change in ANS activity after a given experimental intervention is assessed, but it is known that the ANS in rats is very sensitive to various stress interventions, such as the manipulation itself, and ANS activity can also differ depending on sex, the time of measurement, and whether the animals are under general anaesthesia. Thus, for correct assessment, changes in ANS activity and their relationship to the observed parameter should be based on whether ANS activity does or does not change but also to what extent the activity is already changed at the start of the experiment. Since rats are considered to be the most suitable model animal for basic cardiovascular research, in this review we point out existing differences in individual HRV frequency parameters at the start of experiments (control, baseline values), taking into account sex in relation to time of measurement and anaesthesia.

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Section: Hrv and Hrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences, chronobiology and general anaesthesia in activities of the autonomic nervous system in rats

Švorc

Grešová

2023

Experimental Physiology

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“…Thus, the occurrence of arrhythmias is often associated with baseline HR, which has prognostic significance. In a review article titled "Arrhythmias and heart rate: Mechanisms and significance of a relationship", Zaza et al [3] describe, in detail, the mechanisms influencing arrhythmogenesis according to HR, in which the authors focused on several factors related mainly to electrical stability of the myocardium. HR also reflects autonomic balance, which also affects myocardial stability.…”

Section: Prognostic Significance Of Changes In Hr In Arrhythmogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe bradycardia, in contrast, can trigger life-threatening arrhythmias, thus reflecting its destabilizing effect on repolarization. Zaza et al [3] remained cautious, arguing that, from a mechanistic perspective in assessing the relationship between HR and arrhythmias, the question should be "what is the appropriate sinus rate for autonomic balance?" and not "what is the high (or low) heart rate?"…”

Section: Prognostic Significance Of Changes In Hr In Arrhythmogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rat Electrocardiography and General Anesthesia

Švorc¹

2023

Novel Pathogenesis and Treatments for Cardiovascular Disease

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General anesthesia is an established and well-known factor with a significant impact on cardiac parameters, which can be a problem in the final evaluation of changes in the individual electrophysiological myocardial parameters after various interventions. The present chapter provides a composite review of published data on electrocardiographic parameters (heart rate, PR interval, P wave duration, P wave amplitude, QRS complex, QT and QTc interval duration, and R wave and T wave amplitude) for in vivo rat experiments under general anesthesia from 130 articles, which were retrieved from a search of the Web of Science database, for articles published mainly between 2000 and 2021. ECG parameters reported as baseline or control values were summarized, and averages with ranges were calculated. It is important to be cautious in interpreting the results of such studies and discussions addressing the mechanisms underlying a given type of arrhythmia, it is important to acknowledge that initial ECG parameters may already be affected to some extent by general anesthesia as well as by sex and the time of day the experiments are performed. Although it is not an original research work, researchers working with rats in the laboratory, who routinely perform anesthesia, can use this as a reference to look into while analyzing their data.

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“…Arrhythmia is a common heart disease characterized by abnormal heart rhythm, which can be either too fast, i.e., tachycardia, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), or too slow, i.e., bradycardia, which could occur in sick sinus node syndrome (Wang et al, 2017a;Zaza et al, 2018). There are many predisposing factors for arrhythmia.…”

Section: Arrhythmiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases: the Central Role of Calcium Signaling

Zhang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Calcium, as a second messenger, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The malfunction of calcium signaling in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells promotes hypertension. In cardiomyocytes, calcium overload induces apoptosis, leading to myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. Moreover, the calcium–calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is essential for expressing the cardiac pro-hypertrophic gene. Heart failure is also characterized by reduced calcium transient amplitude and enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium leakage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat CVDs for thousands of years in China. Because of its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics, TCM's unique advantages in CVD treatment are closely related to the modulation of multiple calcium handling proteins and calcium signaling pathways in different types of cells involved in distinct CVDs. Thus, we systematically review the diverse mechanisms of TCM in regulating calcium pathways to treat various types of CVDs, ranging from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to diabetic heart disease.

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Arrhythmias and Heart Rate: Mechanisms and Significance of a Relationship

Cited by 10 publications

References 54 publications

Sex differences, chronobiology and general anaesthesia in activities of the autonomic nervous system in rats

Sex differences, chronobiology and general anaesthesia in activities of the autonomic nervous system in rats

Rat Electrocardiography and General Anesthesia

Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases: the Central Role of Calcium Signaling

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