Arrhythmogenic Plasma Levels of Epinephrine during Halothane, Enflurane, and Pentobarbital Anesthesia in the Dog

Sumikawa, Koji; N, Ishizaka; Suzaki, Masashi

doi:10.1097/00000542-198304000-00004

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…administration of adrenaline. Although the arrhythmogenic plasma concentration for adrenaline was reported in the dog as 50 times higher than the peak value noted in the present study, it has been suggested that there is a marked species difference (Sumikawa, Ishizaka and Suzaki, 1983).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

“…However, in the dog, it has been reported that the threshold is a plasma concentration of 230 pmol ml" 1 , produced by an i.v. infusion rate of 2.18 ug kg" 1 min" 1 (Sumikawa, Ishizaka and Suzaki, 1983). Recently, it was confirmed that the dose threshhold for ventricular arrhythmias in dogs anaesthetized with 1.2 MAC of halothane was 2.2 ug kg" 1 min" 1 administered by i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Changes in Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations Following Infiltration With Large Volumes of Local Anaesthetic Solution Containing Adrenaline

Cotton

Henderson

Achola

et al. 1986

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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Plasma catecholamine concentrations have been measured in nine patients undergoing rhinoplasty following infiltration to the facial area of 21 ml of 0.5% lignocaine with adrenaline 1:200,000 and in seven patients undergoing brachial plexus blockade with 40 ml of 0.5% lignocaine, 0.25% bupivacaine and adrenaline 1:200,000. In the rhinoplasty group there was a 566% increase in plasma adrenaline concentration 2 min after cessation of infiltration, whilst in the brachial plexus group a 112% increase in the plasma concentration of adrenaline occurred at 10 min after completion of the block. There was no change in plasma noradrenaline concentration in either group. It is concluded that the so-called safe dose of adrenaline (1.0 microgram kg-1 during halothane anaesthesia) is meaningless unless the site of administration is specified.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Changes in Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations Following Infiltration With Large Volumes of Local Anaesthetic Solution Containing Adrenaline

Cotton

Henderson

Achola

et al. 1986

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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“…Throughout the experiment, three-minute continuous infusion of epinephrine was repeatedly performed at double-spaced increasing rates, starting from 0.5 f1gjkgjmin. Sumikawa et al 7 measured the plasma concentrations of epinephrine in a series of three-minute infusions using the same method as that of Pace et al 9 They reported that the plasma epinephrine concentration reached a maximum after two minutes and then maintained a constant level until the end of the infusion. Accordingly, they considered this three-minute infusion method to be reliable for measuring arrythmogenic doses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, the arrythmogenic plasma concentration of epinephrine obtained by us was 39.1 ng/rnl, which was nearly consistent with the 38.7 ng/rnl obtained by Sumikawa et al 7 This will therefore explain why the arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine for halothane determined by us was substantially comparable to that determined by the above authors. 7,10,11 With regard to isoflurane, J oas et al 1 have reported that the arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine determined during halothane and isoflurane anesthesia at 1.25 MAC by means of infusing precalculated doses of epinephrine for one minute were 5 f1gjkgjmin for halothane and 22 f1gjkgjmin for isoflurane. Tucker et al 3 have also reported experimental results similar to those obtained by Joas et al' that in dogs, isoflurane anesthesia required a dose of epinephrine four time as large as that required during halothane anesthesia in order to induce arrhythmias.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the epinephrine-induced arrhythmogenic effect of sevoflurane with isoflurane and halothane

Imamura

Ikeda

1987

J Anesth

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The effect of sevoflurane on cardiac arrhythmias induced by the infusion of epinephrine into dogs was compared with those of isoflurane and halothane. The arrhythmogenic doses of epinephrine determined in this comparative study were expressed by both infusion rates of epinephrine and the corresponding plasma levels obtained by a series of three-minute epinephrine infusions during sevolurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia at 1.25 MAC. The mean values of the arrythmogenic infusion rates of epinephrine and the corresponding plasma levels were 17.3 microg/kg/min and 275.7 ng/ml for sevoflurane, 6.7 microg/kg/min and 149.2 ng/ml for isoflurane and 1.9 microg/kg/min and 39.1 ng/ml for halothane, respectively. These results indicate that the arrythmogenic doses of epinephrine during sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia were significantly higher than those during halothane anesthesia.

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“…The assessment of anesthetic-induced myocardial sensitization to genesis of arrhythmias has been routinely accomplished by measuring alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) before and after administration of an anesthetic agent Sumikawa et al, 1983). Halothane has been reported to decrease the dose of epinephrine required to induce ventricular arrhythmias in dogs Sumikawa et al, 1983). Recently, this technique (ADE) was used to assess the impact of increasing halothane concentrations upon ventricular arrhythmogenesis (Metz & Maze, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) following xylazine administration to halothane‐anesthetized dogs

Tranquilli¹,

Jc²,

Gj³

et al. 1986

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) was determined in six dogs during halothane (1.35%) anesthesia before and after xylazine administration (1.1 mg/kg, i.v. bolus; 1.1 mg/kg/hr, i.v. infusion). The arrhythmogenic dose was determined by constant infusion of freshly mixed epinephrine (100 microgram/ml). The ADE was defined as the total dose of epinephrine which produced four or more intermittent or continuous premature ventricular contractions within a 15-sec period. Total dose was calculated as a function of infusion rate and time to arrhythmia. Following xylazine administration, ADE significantly decreased from 6.28 +/- 0.522 to 4.17 +/- 0.679 micrograms/kg. At the end of i.v. xylazine bolus administration, heart rate significantly decreased (115 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 4.9 b.p.m.), and mean arterial pressure significantly increased (83 +/- 4.0 to 122 +/- 3.4 mm Hg). Heart rate measured immediately prior to epinephrine-induced arrhythmia formation was significantly increased following xylazine administration (177 +/- 8 vs 78 +/- 3 b.p.m.). Mean arterial blood pressure was unchanged. Apparently, xylazine, a mixed alpha agonist, potentiated halothane-induced myocardial sensitization to ventricular arrhythmogenesis and was associated with a significant increase in heart rate, but not blood pressure, during subsequent epinephrine infusions.

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Arrhythmogenic Plasma Levels of Epinephrine during Halothane, Enflurane, and Pentobarbital Anesthesia in the Dog

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Changes in Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations Following Infiltration With Large Volumes of Local Anaesthetic Solution Containing Adrenaline

Changes in Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations Following Infiltration With Large Volumes of Local Anaesthetic Solution Containing Adrenaline

Comparison of the epinephrine-induced arrhythmogenic effect of sevoflurane with isoflurane and halothane

Alteration in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) following xylazine administration to halothane‐anesthetized dogs

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