Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds

Grund, Sabina C.; Hanusch, Kunibert; Wolf, Hans

doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_113

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Pentavalent inorganic compounds of As solubilize in water to weak acid forms and produce salts called arsenate. 19 Arsenate induces ground water contamination that affects many people. 20 , 21 Recently, As has been used for the isotope labeling in cancer research, instead of radioactive elements, and is mainly used for industrial purposes, including the manufacture of car batteries and alloyed semiconductor materials, and pigments.…”

Section: Arsenic (As)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 20 , 21 Recently, As has been used for the isotope labeling in cancer research, instead of radioactive elements, and is mainly used for industrial purposes, including the manufacture of car batteries and alloyed semiconductor materials, and pigments. 19 , 22 , 23 Mining and ore smelting for industrial purposes are related to As poising in humans, but the major source of As exposure is from natural sources, such as contaminated water. 20 , 21 Arsenates in the soil can dissolve easily in groundwater and flow to rivers and the sea.…”

Section: Arsenic (As)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention

2015

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Almost all heavy metals are serious toxicants as carcinogens. However, due to their chemical and physiological properties, heavy metals are useful in industrial areas including alloy, smelting and production of commercial products. Such applications increase the opportunity for heavy metal exposure. Waste from industrial processes is also a major source of environmental contamination and accumulation in the human body. Arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and nickel are classified as group 1 carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and are utilized commercially. In this review, we used molecular pathway analysis to understand the toxicity and carcinogenic mechanisms of these metals. Our analyzed data showed that above-mentioned metallic substances induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death processes, resulting in increase the risk of cancer and cancer-related diseases. Thus, we might think phytochelatin molecules and antioxidative phytochemical substances are helpful for prevention of heavy metal-induced cancer.

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Section: Arsenic (As)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Arsenic (As)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention

2015

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“…ATO is an important and widely used industrial material. More than 50,000 tons of ATO are produced globally each year . China is the largest producer of ATO in the world and exports ATO to the United States and other countries .…”

Section: Potential Terror Threats and Risk Of Accidental Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 50,000 tons of ATO are produced globally each year . China is the largest producer of ATO in the world and exports ATO to the United States and other countries . Thus, large quantities of ATO are transported to various storage sites all over the world and may present potential targets for terror attacks.…”

Section: Potential Terror Threats and Risk Of Accidental Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, release of ATO from transportation and storage facilities may also be possible as a result of industrial accidents or natural disasters. Given the fact that ATO is the main precursor for the production of many other arsenicals, including organoarsenical compounds, terrorists may also take advantage of it to generate other arsenic‐based threat agents.…”

Section: Potential Terror Threats and Risk Of Accidental Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Srivastavá

Athar

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Arsenicals are highly reactive inorganic and organic derivatives of arsenic. These chemicals are very toxic and produce both acute and chronic tissue damage. Based on these observations, and considering the low cost and simple methods of their bulk syntheses, these agents were thought to be appropriate for chemical warfare. Among these, the most known agent synthesized and weaponized during World War I (WWI) is Lewisite. Exposure to Lewisite causes painful inflammatory and blistering responses in the skin, lung, and eye. These chemicals also manifest systemic tissue injury following their cutaneous exposure. Although largely discontinued after WWI, their stockpiles are still known to exist in the former Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, the United States, and Asia. Thus, their access by terrorists or accidental exposure could be highly dangerous for humans and the environment. This review summarizes studies which describe the biological, pathophysiological, toxicological, and environmental effects of exposure to arsenicals, with a major focus on cutaneous injury. Studies related to the development of novel molecular pathobiology–based antidotes against these agents are also described.

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Toxicity of sodium arsenite in mouse embryos in vitro and its influence on radiation risk

1986

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Mouse embryos at the preimplantation stage were used in vitro for assessing the risk exerted by arsenic on early stages of embryonal development. We studied the effects of sodium arsenite on morphological development, proliferation, and micronucleus formation. A concentration of 100 microM sodium arsenite immediately killed the embryos, and 1 microM almost completely inhibited formation of blastocysts. Micronuclei were induced starting from 0.7 microM arsenite. Concentrations below 0.1 microM (0.1 microM corresponds to 7.5 ppm arsenic) did not show significant effects with respect to any of the end-points examined. Arsenic did not influence radiation risk under various experimental conditions; all the effects after combining moderately toxic doses of sodium arsenite and X-rays corresponded to the effect obtained by the addition of the single effects.

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Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds

Cited by 20 publications

References 65 publications

An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention

An Overview of Carcinogenic Heavy Metal: Molecular Toxicity Mechanism and Prevention

Biological and environmental hazards associated with exposure to chemical warfare agents: arsenicals

Toxicity of sodium arsenite in mouse embryos in vitro and its influence on radiation risk

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