Arsenic, antimony, germanium, and tin in the Tejo estuary, Portugal:  modeling a polluted estuary

Andreae, Meinrat O.; Byrd, James T.; Froehlich, Philip N.

doi:10.1021/es00118a008

Cited by 121 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In rivers, the dissolved tin content ranges from 0.3 to 17ppb. 6 Tin in water supply reservoirs of most European and American cities is similarly low, ranging from 0 to 0.1 p~m .~?~ Thus it may be concluded that tin concentrations in the geosphere (with the exception of ore deposits and anthropogenically polluted areas) are uniform and low. Nevertheless, these are the main sources for intake into humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin in pharmacy and nutrition

Tsangaris

Williams

1992

Applied Organom Chemis

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The Occurrence of tin in plants, animals and humans is discussed in relation to its abundance in the lithosphere and hydrosphere and the range of different tin(I1) and tin(1V) complexes formed. A reasoned consideration of the essentiality or otherwise of tin for living species is given and it is concluded that tin is beneficial even if not yet proved to be an essential element.After reference to the chemistry of tin compounds, there is a detailed discussion of their toxicity in animals and humans. Feasible routes for tin intake and uptake into humans are described.The use of tin pharmaceuticals in previous and current times is reviewed and areas for which they are currently permitted for use in man as dentifrices and mouth washes, as radiopharmaceuticals and for the treatment of jaundiced newborns are described. A detailed review of tin-coating antitumour agents as representative tin pharmaceuticals is given.Finally, a range of tin compounds having other specific pharmaceutical applications and which are currently being investigated are listed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tin in pharmacy and nutrition

Tsangaris

Williams

1992

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…Background arsenic concentrations within the river varied between 9.5 and 23 nM during 1982, averaging 15 nM. The arsenic levels chosen are within the range of natural and moderately polluted river/estuarine systems (Andreae 1978, Andreae et al 1983, Langston 1983 Daily water samples were taken from each tank for phytoplankton enumeration. Of these, initially 3 wk-I were examined; the remainder were archived for later examination if required.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive behavior of euryhaline phytoplankton communities to arsenic stress

Sanders¹,

Cibik²

1985

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Long-term experiments performed with large-volume continuous cultures of natural phytoplankton assemblages exposed to low levels of arsenate (1 to 10 X ambient concentrations) have shown that arsenate is differentially inhibiting to some phytoplankton species. This observed variance in sensitivity is sufficient to cause a marked change in species composition and succession of dominant species in arsenic-treated assemblages with a potential for impact upon carbon transfer between trophic levels, even though estimates of community biomass and productivity indicate no change.

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“…Estuaries can be divided into those in which the principal arsenic input is of marine origin (Waslenchuk and Windom, 1978;Howard et al, 1984;Froelich et al, 1985) and those in which the river is the major arsenic source (Andreae et al, 1983;Knox et al, 1984;Millward and Marsh, 1986). In this respect the Anllóns estuary shows an ambivalent behaviour.…”

Section: The Estuarine Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arsenic in the sediment can also play a role in the arsenic exchange. Non-conservative behaviour in estuaries due to processes such as diffusion from sediment pore waters or co-precipitation with iron oxides has been observed (Andreae et al, 1983;Andreae and Andreae, 1989). Estuaries polluted with anthropogenic sources of arsenic generally display high As-levels with input maxima somewhere within the estuary (Froelich et al, 1985); such a behaviour occurs in the mid-estuary of Tamar which has 3.7-5.3g L -1 of arsenic attributed to a release from arsenic-rich estuarine sediments (Knox et al, 1984).…”

Section: The Estuarine Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land–ocean contributions of arsenic through a river–estuary–ria system (SW Europe) under the influence of arsenopyrite deposits in the fluvial basin

Costas

Prego²,

Filgueiras³

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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Abstract. Water was sampled monthly from September 2005 to August 2006 at 14 stations distributed throughout the coastal system of Anllóns-Laxe, from where 30 surface sediment samples were also taken. After filtration through 0.22 m polycarbonate filters, dissolved inorganic and total arsenic (UV oxidation) concentration was determined by HG-AFS. After microwave digestion, the arsenic in SPM and sediment was determined by AAS. Ultra-clean procedures were adopted during sampling, handling and analysis and the analytical accuracy was checked using CRM. Spatial distribution of As in water (0.2-4.0 g L -1 ), SPM (21-169 mg kg -1 ) and sediment of the river reservoir was altered by the presence of arsenopyrite deposits in the middle fluvial basin that increases 2.1±0.5 and 1.7±0.5 times the concentrations of inorganic dissolved (DI-As) and particulate (P-As) arsenic, respectively. At the termination fluvial zone As fluxes can be calculate to be: [DI-As]=7.09 Q -0.69. The Anllóns River exports to its estuary 460 kg a -1 of dissolved (<7% as organic) arsenic annually. It is higher (i.e. 0.83 kg s -1 km -2 of DI-As) than that of most of European rivers. In the estuary reservoir, the influence of arsenopyrite is also evident as the river concentration of DI-As, which was lower than in seawater during the wet season and higher during the dry season. Arsenic has non-conservative behaviour, as in other European estuaries, but the Anllóns shows an ambivalent pattern: as it usually gain DI-As during the wet season and loses it during the dry season, while P-As seems to behave contrary to the DI-As. When the fluvial arsenic reaches the ria its concentration varies due to the estuarine processes. In the wet season DI-As increases its concentration by one third while in the dry season it decreases by one fifth and the annual contribution to the ria is 10% higher than the fluvial output. In the case of P-As more data are necessary to quantify its behaviour; however, the estuarine sediments are contaminated by arsenic. In the ria reservoir DI-As levels were similar to those of the ocean, DO-As comprises 9-22% of the inorganic, P-As ranges from 3 to 40 mg kg -1 , and As-sedimentary can classified as uncontaminated (4-18 mg kg -1 ), except in the fishering ports. The ria circulation, reinforced by upwelling favours the exportation of arsenic to the ocean. In the Anllóns-Laxe system as a whole, the freshwater-saline interface processes do not lead to a decrease in the dissolved fluvial arsenic flux to the ocean.

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Arsenic, antimony, germanium, and tin in the Tejo estuary, Portugal: modeling a polluted estuary

Cited by 121 publications

References 18 publications

Tin in pharmacy and nutrition

Tin in pharmacy and nutrition

Adaptive behavior of euryhaline phytoplankton communities to arsenic stress

Land–ocean contributions of arsenic through a river–estuary–ria system (SW Europe) under the influence of arsenopyrite deposits in the fluvial basin

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