Arsenic Contamination of Drinking Water and Foodstuffs Causing Endemic Chronic Poisoning

Zaldívar, R

doi:10.1016/s0005-8165(74)80047-8

Cited by 146 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Skin hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis have long been known to be the hallmark signs of chronic arsenic exposure. They were the most common health effects found in populations exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water in many countries including Taiwan [9], Chile [69], Argentina [70], India [71,72] and Bangladesh [73]. Hyperpigmentation occurs as diffuse brownish black pigmentation with a characteristic ''rain drop'' hypopigmentation.…”

Section: Arsenic and Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Carcinogenesis in the Skin

2006

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SummaryChronic arsenic poisoning is a world public health issue. Long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic (As) from drinking water has been documented to induce cancers in lung, urinary bladder, kidney, liver and skin in a dose-response relationship. Oxidative stress, chromosomal abnormality and altered growth factors are possible modes of action in arsenic carcinogenesis. Arsenic tends to accumulate in the skin. Skin hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis have long been known to be the hallmark signs of chronic As exposure. There are significant associations between these dermatological lesions and risk of skin cancer. The most common arsenic-induced skin cancers are Bowen's disease (carcinoma in situ), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD) is able to transform into invasive BCC and SCC. Individuals with As-BD are considered for more aggressive cancer screening in the lung and urinary bladder. As-BD provides an excellent model for studying the early stages of chemical carcinogenesis in human beings. Arsenic exposure is associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest and DNA aneuploidy in both cultured keratinocytes and As-BD lesions. These cellular abnormalities relate to the p53 dysfunction induced by arsenic. The characteristic clinical figures of arsenic-induced skin cancer are: (i) occurrence on sun-protected areas of the body; (ii) multiple and recrudescent lesions. Both As and UVB are able to induce skin cancer. Arsenic treatment enhances the cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and clastogenicity of UV in mammalian cells. Both As and UVB induce apoptosis in keratinocytes by caspase-9 and caspase-8 signaling, respectively. Combined UVB and As treatments resulted in the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects by stimulating both caspase pathways in the keratinocytes. UVB irradiation inhibited mutant p53 and ki-67 expression, as well as increased in the number of apoptotic cells in As-BD lesions which resulted in an inhibitory effect on proliferation. As-UVB interaction provides a reasonable explanation for the rare occurrences of arsenical cancer in the sun-exposed skin. The multiple and recurrent skin lesions are associated with cellular immune dysfunction in chronic arsenism. A decrease in peripheral CD4+ cells was noticed in the inhabitants of arsenic exposure areas. There was a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells in As-BD lesion which results in an impaired immune function on the lesional sites. Since CD4+ cells are the target cell affected by As, the interaction between CD4+ cells and epidermal keratinocytes under As affection might be closely linked to the pathogenesis of multiple occurrence of arsenic-induced skin cancer. In this

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Section: Arsenic and Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Carcinogenesis in the Skin

2006

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“…Arsenic is a toxic trace element that is ubiquitous in nature, and is usually concentrated in mineral sulfide ore bodies (Fleet et al, 1989;Huston et al, 1995;Smedley and Kinniburgh, 2002). Serious health problems like arsenicosis, keratosis and certain types of cancers (e.g., skin, lungs, liver, bladder and kidneys) have been linked to the chronic intake of this element through contaminated drinking water sources (Cebrian et al, 1983;Chakraborty and Saha, 1987;Chen et al, 1985;Chen et al, 1992;O'Day et al, 2004;Sengupta, 2002;Smith et al, 1992;Tseng et al, 1968;Zaldivar, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobilization and speciation of arsenic from hydrothermally altered rock containing calcite and pyrite under anoxic conditions

Tabelin

Igarashi

Yoneda

2012

Applied Geochemistry

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The effects of water residence time and anoxic conditions on the mobilization and speciation of arsenic (As) in a calcite-and pyrite-bearing altered rock excavated during a road-tunnel project has been evaluated using batch and column laboratory experiments. Higher infiltration rates (i.e., shorter water residence times) enhanced the leaching of As due to the higher pH values of the effluents and more rapid transport of dissolved As through the columns. The concentration of As in the effluent also increased under anoxic conditions regardless of the water residence time.This enhanced leaching of As under anoxic conditions could be attributed to a significant pH increase and decreased Fe oxyhydroxides/oxides precipitation compared to similar experiments done under ambient conditions. Processes that controlled the evolution of pH and the temporal release mechanisms of As under anoxic conditions were identical to those previously observed under ambient conditions: the dissolution of soluble phases, pyrite oxidation, co-precipitation and/or adsorption/desorption reactions. Speciation of As in the column experiments could partly be attributed to the pH-dependent adsorption of As species onto Fe oxyhydroxides/oxides precipitates. Moreover, apparent equilibriums of the total As and arsenite (As[III]) concentrations were delayed under anoxic conditions in both batch and column experiments.

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“…The clinical features are characterized by hyper-and hypo-pigmentation, keratosis and various systemic manifestations like weakness, anaemia, chronic lung disease, peripheral neuropathy, liver fibrosis, gangrene of the limbs and cancers of the skin, lung and urinary bladder (6)(7)(8) . Studies on populations in Taiwan, India and Argentina exposed to arsenic through drinking water have suggested that malnutrition increases the risk of arsenic-induced diseases (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . Several human studies have identified associations between malnutrition and arsenicinduced skin lesions, skin cancer and cardiovascular effects (12,14) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Nutritional deficiency and arsenical manifestations: a perspective study in an arsenic-endemic region of West Bengal, India

Deb

Biswas

Ghose

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To assess whether nutritional deficiency increases susceptibility to arsenic-related health effects. Design: Assessment of nutrition was based on a 24 h recall method of all dietary constituents. Setting: Epidemiological cross-sectional study was conducted in an arsenicendemic area of West Bengal with groundwater arsenic contamination. Subjects: The study was composed of two groups -Group 1 (cases, n 108) exhibiting skin lesions and Group 2 (exposed controls, n 100) not exhibiting skin lesions -age-and sex-matched and having similar arsenic exposure through drinking water and arsenic levels in urine and hair. Results: Both groups belonged to low socio-economic strata (Group 1 significantly poorer, P , 0?01) and had low BMI (prevalence of BMI , 18?5 kg/m 2 : in 38 % in Group 1 and 27 % in Group 2). Energy intake was below the Recommended Daily Allowance (set by the Indian Council of Medical Research) in males and females in both groups. Increased risk of arsenical skin lesions was found for those in the lowest quintile of protein intake (v. highest quintile: OR 5 4?60, 95 % CI 1?36, 15?50 in males; OR 5 5?62, 95 % CI 1?19, 34?57 in females). Significantly lower intakes of energy, protein, thiamin, niacin, Mg, Zn and choline were observed in both males and females of Group 1 compared with Group 2. Significantly lower intakes of carbohydrate, riboflavin, niacin and Cu were also observed in female cases with skin lesions compared with non-cases. Conclusions: Deficiencies of Zn, Mg and Cu, in addition to protein, B vitamins and choline, are found to be associated with arsenical skin lesions in West Bengal. Keywords Arsenic manifestations Energy intake Micronutrients ProteinArsenic exposure through drinking water is a major health problem affecting many countries such as Bangladesh,

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Arsenic Contamination of Drinking Water and Foodstuffs Causing Endemic Chronic Poisoning

Cited by 146 publications

References 15 publications

Arsenic Carcinogenesis in the Skin

Arsenic Carcinogenesis in the Skin

Mobilization and speciation of arsenic from hydrothermally altered rock containing calcite and pyrite under anoxic conditions

Nutritional deficiency and arsenical manifestations: a perspective study in an arsenic-endemic region of West Bengal, India

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