Arsenic, copper, and chromium from treated wood products in the U.S. disposal sector

Jones, Athena S.; Marini, Juniper; Solo‐Gabriele, Helena M.; Robey, Nicole M.; Townsend, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.004

Cited by 53 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Also, these “traditional” preservatives raise additional issues when recycling/disposing of the preservative-impregnated wood [ 19 ]. The use of one of the most benign wood preservatives, chromated copper arsenate (CCA) was heavily restricted by the European Commission in 2003 and by US Environmental Protection Agency in 2004 due to its toxicity and high susceptibility of soil and groundwater buildup [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Antifungal Agents for Wood Preservation

Croitoru

Roată

2020

Molecules

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Ionic liquids represent a class of highly versatile organic compounds used extensively in the last decade for lignocellulose biomass fractionation and dissolution, as well as property modifiers for wood materials. This review is dedicated to the use of ionic liquids as antifungal agents for wood preservation. Wood preservation against fungal attack represents a relatively new domain of application for ionic liquids, emerging in the late 1990s. Comparing to other application domains of ionic liquids, this particular one has been relatively little researched. Ionic liquids may be promising as wood preservatives due to their ability to swell wood, which translates into better penetration ability and fixation into the bulk of the wood material than other conventional antifungal agents, avoiding leaching over time. The antifungal character of ionic liquids depends on the nature of their alkyl-substituted cation, on the size and position of their substituents, and of their anion. It pertains to a large variety of wood-colonizing fungi, both Basidiomycetes and Fungiimperfecti.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquids as Antifungal Agents for Wood Preservation

Croitoru

Roată

2020

Molecules

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“…Thus, numerous unregulated industries have sprung up in Ugandan wood industry, leaving several environmental footprints [3][4][5]. Because of its susceptibility to attack by insects, wood is often preserved using chemicals [6,7]. Wood preservation have been classified broadly as oil borne or waterborne, contingent on the nature of the chemicals employed in the treatment formulation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of its susceptibility to attack by insects, wood is often preserved using chemicals [6,7]. Wood preservation have been classified broadly as oil borne or waterborne, contingent on the nature of the chemicals employed in the treatment formulation [7]. Oil borne preservatives include creosote and pentachlorophenol, which are used to treat wood for specific industrial uses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inadvertent use of preservatives such as CCA, creosote and other nascent copper-based formulations to prolong the life of lumber present environmental concerns because they contain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic to humans [7][8][9][10]. Arsenical exposure in humans for example causes vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, oesophageal discomfort, abdominal pain and in chronic cases may cause cancer and dermal changes [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mobility of Chromium, Copper and Arsenic in Amended Chromated Copper Arsenate Contaminated Soils

Nakiguli

Ojok

Omara

et al. 2020

AJACR

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Aim: The use of copper-based preservatives such as chromated copper arsenate (CCA) and creosote to prolong the life of lumber present environmental concerns because they contain heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are toxic to humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sewage sludge biosolid amendment on the distribution and mobility of chromium, copper and arsenic in chromated copper arsenate contaminated soils subjected to phytoremediation using maize (Zea mays L.). Place and Duration of the Study: Random composite soil samples from Kitetika wood factory, Wakiso, Uganda and sewage sludge biosolid from National Water and Sewerage Corporation plant in Bugolobi, Kampala, Uganda were collected and prepared. Maize grains were obtained from FICA Seeds Limited (Uganda). The pot experiments and analysis of samples were done at Mbarara University of Science and Technology (Mbarara) and Directorate of Government Analytical Laboratory, Kampala (Uganda), respectively. Methodology: The fresh CCA contaminated soils and sewage sludge biosolid were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and heavy metals (chromium, copper and arsenic). Sewage sludge biosolid was added to 1 kg of the contaminated soils at 5-25% (w/w) in 2 L plastic containers, watered and maintained at 25 ℃ for 14 days to stabilize. Controls were set up with unamended soils. Thereafter, maize was planted in the potted soils for 40 days. The concentrations of the trace metals in the soils were determined after 20 and 40 days of maize growth by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: The concentrations of chromium, copper and arsenic in fresh CCA contaminated soils were 365.8 ± 6.18 mg/kg, 109.72 ± 14.04 mg/kg and 28.22 ± 3.8 mg/kg, respectively. Basing on mobility factor, bioavailability of the trace metals followed the chemical sequence copper (8.9%) < chromium (17.1%) < arsenic (30.2%). Conclusion: The maize variety experimented could be used to phytoextract or phytostabilize the trace metals in the CCA contaminated soils without or with 5-25% amendment. Amendment with sewage sludge biosolid improved the phytoremediation potential of maize. Arsenic was the most mobile and bioavailable metal in CCA contaminated soils. Further studies should use other local maize varieties such as Longe series.

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“…Reflecting on-going concern about arsenic and other metals in the waste disposal stream, Jones et al [4] recently evaluated potential contamination of construction and demolition (C & D) waste utilized for mulch. The authors used published data, industry standards, and assumptions to estimate the amounts of water-borne preservative treated wood entering the waste stream annually.…”

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confidence: 99%

Water-Borne Wood Preservation and End-of-Life Removal History and Projection

Smith¹

2020

ENG

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Use of water-borne wood preservatives began in approximately the 1950s. Residential and commercial uses rapidly developed for products such as decking, fences, and other outdoor structures. Nearly all such products were treated by preservatives using arsenic as a major ingredient. The most common preservative was chromated copper arsenate (CCA). A smaller volume used ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate (ACZA). Preservative label changes made in 2003 limited uses of these arsenical treatments to industrial or agricultural type uses, such as poles, piles, ties, bridges, and fencing. Use volumes of preservative-treated wood continued to grow after the label change, but the types of preservatives used changed greatly. The amounts of water-borne treated wood reaching end-of-life and being disposed also continued to grow, reflecting the increasing inventory of volume in service. However, the volume of arsenical-treated wood being disposed peaked in approximately 2008 and is now only approximately one-quarter of that volume. Most of the arsenical-treated wood now being disposed consists of large, easily identified and separated pieces, such as round poles, piles, and fence posts and timbers, which can be easily managed separated from other wood construction and demolition (C & D) waste. Thus, managing C & D waste to limit arsenic contamination of potential products, such as mulch, will be much more practical than some have feared.

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Arsenic, copper, and chromium from treated wood products in the U.S. disposal sector

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

Ionic Liquids as Antifungal Agents for Wood Preservation

Ionic Liquids as Antifungal Agents for Wood Preservation

Mobility of Chromium, Copper and Arsenic in Amended Chromated Copper Arsenate Contaminated Soils

Water-Borne Wood Preservation and End-of-Life Removal History and Projection

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