Arsenic Exposure, Assessment, Toxicity, Diagnosis, and Management

Baker, Beth A.; Cassano, Victoria A.; Murray, Carolyn J.

doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000001485

Cited by 72 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Arsenicisa ubiquitous metalloid and has long been known as toxic to humans. The main sources of chronic arsenic exposure to humans are through inhalation of metal dust and drinking water [131,132]. Its toxicity is associated with various clinical manifestations such as skin lesions, chronic lung disease (bronchitis, COPD, and bronchiectasis), liver disease, diabetes, edema of limbs, and congestion of eyes, polyneuropathy, erectile dysfunction, anemia, and vascular abnormalities and collectively known as arsenicosis [133].…”

Section: Arsenic (As)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies

Patwa

Flora

2020

IJMS

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Heavy metals are considered a continuous threat to humanity, as they cannot be eradicated. Prolonged exposure to heavy metals/metalloids in humans has been associated with several health risks, including neurodegeneration, vascular dysfunction, metabolic disorders, cancer, etc. Small blood vessels are highly vulnerable to heavy metals as they are directly exposed to the blood circulatory system, which has comparatively higher concentration of heavy metals than other organs. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is an umbrella term used to describe various pathological processes that affect the cerebral small blood vessels and is accepted as a primary contributor in associated disorders, such as dementia, cognitive disabilities, mood disorder, and ischemic, as well as a hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we discuss the possible implication of heavy metals/metalloid exposure in CSVD and its associated disorders based on in-vitro, preclinical, and clinical evidences. We briefly discuss the CSVD, prevalence, epidemiology, and risk factors for development such as genetic, traditional, and environmental factors. Toxic effects of specific heavy metal/metalloid intoxication (As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Cu) in the small vessel associated endothelium and vascular dysfunction too have been reviewed. An attempt has been made to highlight the possible molecular mechanism involved in the pathophysiology, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory pathway, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression, and amyloid angiopathy in the CSVD and related disorders. Finally, we discussed the role of cellular antioxidant defense enzymes to neutralize the toxic effect, and also highlighted the potential reversal strategies to combat heavy metal-induced vascular changes. In conclusion, heavy metals in small vessels are strongly associated with the development as well as the progression of CSVD. Chelation therapy may be an effective strategy to reduce the toxic metal load and the associated complications.

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Section: Arsenic (As)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies

Patwa

Flora

2020

IJMS

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“…Moreover, chronic exposure to As causes chromosomal aberrations, oxidative stress, impairment of DNA repair and disruption of growth factor synthesis. The above-mentioned processes lead to the development of lung and liver diseases, neurological disorders, hypertension, anaemia, diabetes and ischemic heart disease [ 17 , 18 ]. Hg is one of the most toxic elements on the periodic table, and methylmercury, due to its ability to accumulate in the human body, has a negative effect on the liver and the nervous, reproduction and cardiovascular systems [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of exposure to toxic elements resulting from consumption of dried wild-grown mushrooms available for sale

et al. 2021

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Mushrooms exhibit a high ability to accumulate potentially toxic elements. The legal regulations in force in the European Union countries do not define the maximum content of elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms. This study presents the content of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) determined in dried wild-grown mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Xerocomus badius) available for sale. Moreover, the health risk associated with their consumption is assessed. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Cd, Pb, As) and atomic absorption spectrometry (Hg) were used. The mean Hg, Cd, Pb and As concentration in Boletus edulis was 3.039±1.092, 1.983±1.145, 1.156±1.049 and 0.897±0.469 mg/kg and in Xerocomus badius 0.102±0.020, 1.154±0.596, 0.928±1.810 and 0.278±0.108 mg/kg, respectively. The maximum value of the hazard index (HI) showed that the consumption of a standard portion of dried Boletus edulis may have negative consequences for health and corresponded to 76.2%, 34.1%, 33% and 4.3% of the maximum daily doses of Hg, Cd, Pb and As, respectively. The results indicate that the content of toxic elements in dried wild-grown mushrooms should be monitored. The issue constitutes a legal niche where unfavourable EU regulations may pose a threat to food safety and consumer health.

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“…Different compounds of As are used in various industries like monosodium methanearsonate used as a pesticide. As is commonly used in battery grids, metal alloys, glass and the ceramics industry, in semiconductor chip manufacturing (gallium arsenide chip), coal-burning power plants, in fireworks, in telecommunication industry, electronic industry, paint industry, optical industry, as a preservative for wood (ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate ACZA), and leather goods and is also used for the treatment of different diseases like parasitic infection, promyelocyctic leukemia, and other cancers (Baker et al, 2018;WHO, 2010). In Lahore of Pakistan, a high level of As was detected in water samples of the brick kiln industry along with high levels in urine samples of brick kiln workers compared to control subjects (Sughis et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of arsenic-related AS3MT gene and antioxidant SOD2 gene expression in industrial workers occupationally exposed to arsenic

et al. 2020

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Increasing anthropogenic activities related to industrialization and exposure to different toxicants increases the health hazards of industrial workers. Arsenic (As) exposure induces DNA damage and generates reactive oxygen species, which may result in many disease phenotypes. Present study explores the expression variation of As 3 methyltransferase ( AS3MT) and superoxide dismutase ( SOD2) genes in blood samples of industrial workers of different industries (brick kiln, paint, welding, pesticide, and furniture) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A total of 250 blood samples of industrial workers were collected along with age- and gender-matched controls. Relative expression of AS3MT ( p < 0.05) and SOD2 ( p < 0.01) genes was found significantly downregulated in exposed workers compared to controls. Significant low levels of AS3MT and SOD2 gene expression were observed in workers in the paint and pesticide industry compared to other industries. Similarly, reduced expression of AS3MT ( p < 0.05) and SOD2 ( p < 0.01) was observed in smokers of industrial workers compared to smokers of the control group. Workers with >10 years of exposure had less AS3MT expression compared to workers with <10 years of exposure. Additionally, a positive Spearman correlation was observed between AS3MT versus SOD2 ( r = 0.742; p < 0.0001) in industrial workers. This study suggests that decreased AS3MT and SOD2 expression levels may lead to bioaccumulation of As in the body accompanied by increased oxidative stress ultimately inducing DNA damage.

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Arsenic Exposure, Assessment, Toxicity, Diagnosis, and Management

Cited by 72 publications

References 36 publications

Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies

Heavy Metal-Induced Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Possible Reversal Strategies

Health risk assessment of exposure to toxic elements resulting from consumption of dried wild-grown mushrooms available for sale

Association of arsenic-related AS3MT gene and antioxidant SOD2 gene expression in industrial workers occupationally exposed to arsenic

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