Arsenic groundwater contamination and its health effects in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in upper and middle Ganga plain, India: A severe danger

Ahamed, Sad; Sengupta, Mainak; Mukherjee, Amitava; Hossain, Md. Amir; Das, Bhaskar; Nayak, Bishwajit; Pal, Aritra; Mukherjee, Subhas; Pati, Shyamapada; Dutta, Rathindra Nath; Chatterjee, Garga; Mukherjee, Adreesh; Srivastava, R.S.; Chakraborti, Dipankar

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.015

Cited by 204 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Previous studies have found strong correlations between urinary As and drinking WAs concentrations [20,26,27]. Switching from an As–contaminated to a safe well can reduce urinary Asconcentrations to a level that approaches those of individuals who have been consistently relying on safe wells [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cluster-based randomized controlled trial promoting community participation in arsenic mitigation efforts in Bangladesh

et al. 2012

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ObjectiveTo reduce arsenic (As) exposure, we evaluated the effectiveness of training community members to perform water arsenic (WAs) testing and provide As education compared to sending representatives from outside communities to conduct these tasks.MethodsWe conducted a cluster based randomized controlled trial of 20 villages in Singair, Bangladesh. Fifty eligible respondents were randomly selected in each village. In 10 villages, a community member provided As education and WAs testing. In a second set of 10 villages an outside representative performed these tasks.ResultsOverall, 53% of respondents using As contaminated wells, relative to the Bangladesh As standard of 50 μg/L, at baseline switched after receiving the intervention. Further, when there was less than 60% arsenic contaminated wells in a village, the classification used by the Bangladeshi and UNICEF, 74% of study households in the community tester villages, and 72% of households in the outside tester villages reported switching to an As safe drinking water source . Switching was more common in the outside-tester (63%) versus community-tester villages (44%). However, after adjusting for the availability of arsenic safe drinking water sources, well switching did not differ significantly by type of As tester (Odds ratio =0.86[95% confidence interval 0.42-1.77). At follow-up, among those using As contaminated wells who switched to safe wells, average urinary As concentrations significantly decreased.ConclusionThe overall intervention was effective in reducing As exposure provided there were As-safe drinking water sources available. However, there was not a significant difference observed in the ability of the community and outside testers to encourage study households to use As-safe water sources. The findings of this study suggest that As education and WAs testing programs provided by As testers, irrespective of their residence, could be used as an effective, low cost approach to reduce As exposure in many As-affected areas of Bangladesh.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cluster-based randomized controlled trial promoting community participation in arsenic mitigation efforts in Bangladesh

et al. 2012

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“…Furthermore, their research indicates that about 2.1 million and 0.6 million people are using water contaminated with As at concentrations greater than 10 and 50 μg/L, respectively, for drinking; moreover, 0.048 million people are living with high health risks from drinking water contaminated with As concentrations greater than 300 μg/L, the level at which arsenical skin lesions are predicted to occur [60]. Besides the state of West Bengal, some parts of the states of Bihar (the middle Ganga plain, Bihar, India; e.g., Semria Ojha Patti village) [62] and Uttar Pradesh (upper and middle Ganga plain, India) are severely contaminated with As-rich groundwater [63]. One study of 4780 tube well water samples from three districts (Ballia, Varanasi, and Ghazipur in Uttar Pradesh in the upper and middle Ganga plain, India) revealed that As concentrations exceeded 10 μg/L in 46.5 %, 50 μg/L in 26.7 %, and 300 μg/L in 10 % of the samples (maximum As concentration level, 3192 μg//L).…”

Section: Bangladesh and West Bengal (India)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Arsenic in Global Groundwaters: Distribution and Geochemical Triggers for Mobilization

et al. 2016

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The elevated concentration of arsenic (As) in the groundwaters of many countries worldwide has received much attention during recent decades. This article presents an overview of the natural geochemical processes that mobilize As from aquifer sediments into groundwater and provides a concise description of the distribution of As in different global groundwater systems, with an emphasis on the highly vulnerable regions of Southeast Asia, the USA, Latin America, and Europe. Natural biogeochemical processes and anthropogenic activities may lead to the contamination of groundwaters by increased As concentrations. The primary source of As in groundwater is predominantly natural (geogenic) and mobilized through complex biogeochemical interactions within various aquifer solids and water. Sulfide minerals such as arsenopyrite and As-substituted pyrite, as well as other sulfide minerals, are susceptible to oxidation in the near-surface environment and quantitatively release significant quantities of As in the sediments. The geochemistry of As generally is a function of its multiple oxidation states, speciation, and redox transformation. The reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) oxides and sulfide oxidation are the most common and significant geochemical triggers that release As from aquifer sediments into groundwaters. The mobilization of As in groundwater is controlled by adsorption onto metal oxyhydroxides and clay minerals. According to recent estimates, more than 130 million people worldwide potentially are exposed to As in drinking water at levels above the World Health Organization's (WHO's) guideline value of 10 μg/L. Hence, community education to strengthen public awareness, the involvement and capacity building of local stakeholders in targeting As-safe aquifers, and direct action and implementation of best practices in identifying safe groundwater sources for the installation of safe drinking water wells through action and enforcement by local governments and international water sector professionals are urgent necessities for sustainable As mitigation on a global scale.

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“…HNO 3 and HClO 4 (6:1) under low heat to complete carbonization. Known volumes of deionized water were added and filtered.…”

Section: Assay Of Hepatic Metal Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the presence of high levels of inorganic arsenic in ground water in many parts of the world, human health related disorders are of major concern [1,2]. High levels of arsenic has been reported in three districts Ballia, Varansi and Gazipur of Uttar Pradesh in the upper and middle Ganga plain, India [3]. The soluble salts of arsenic including arsenate or arsenite are well absorbed (80 %) through the gastrointestinal tract and cause health effects in individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic-Induced Hepatic Toxicity and Its Attenuation by Fruit Extract of Emblica officinalis (Amla) in Mice

et al. 2013

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Arsenic a metalloid and environmental contaminated has been found to be associated with public health problems in the affected areas. It is naturally occurred in groundwater and its accumulation in plant and animals leads to toxicity in several tissues most notably hepatic organ. Arsenic exposures (3 mg/kg body weight/ day for 30 days) in mice exhibited increased arsenic and Zn levels in hepatocytes associated with enhanced oxidative stress in hepatocytes while there were no significantly changes were observed in Cu level. An increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were observed in arsenic treated mice as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure in mice also caused a significant change in serum biomarkers in the SGOT, SGPT and creatinine as compared to the controls. There were no significant changes in the serum levels of total protein in these mice. Co-administration of arsenic and fruit extract of amla (500 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days) caused a significant reduction of arsenic transference associated with significantly decreases hepatic arsenic levels and balanced the antioxidant enzyme and levels of serum hepatic enzymes like SGOT and SGPT. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate the antioxidant property of amla that could be responsible for its protective efficacy in arsenic induced hepatic toxicity.

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Arsenic groundwater contamination and its health effects in the state of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in upper and middle Ganga plain, India: A severe danger

Cited by 204 publications

References 22 publications

A cluster-based randomized controlled trial promoting community participation in arsenic mitigation efforts in Bangladesh

A cluster-based randomized controlled trial promoting community participation in arsenic mitigation efforts in Bangladesh

Natural Arsenic in Global Groundwaters: Distribution and Geochemical Triggers for Mobilization

Arsenic-Induced Hepatic Toxicity and Its Attenuation by Fruit Extract of Emblica officinalis (Amla) in Mice

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