Arsenic in the Drinking Water of the City of Antofagasta: Epidemiological and Clinical Study before and after the Installation of a Treatment Plant

Borgoño, J M; Vicent, P; Venturino, Hernan; Infante, Alberto

doi:10.2307/3428458

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…3 The river is thought to have gradually accumulated arsenic through natural weathering of the geological rock formations of the Andes mountains. 1 In 1970, the World Health Organization installed an effective water treatment plant in Antofagasta. Arsenic removal from the water is carried out by a process of adsorption with aluminium sulphate or iron hydroxide particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residents would have had continued exposure to arsenic even after the water plant was established. 1 The eldest sibling is therefore likely to have received the highest cumulative dose of arsenic. Individual polymorphisms in hepatic methylation of arsenic may explain the apparent variation in clinical signs in those theoretically exposed to the same dose of arsenic.…”

Section: Chronic Endemic Hydroarsenicism 1093mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chronic endemic hydroarsenicism

Woollons

Russell‐Jones

1998

British Journal of Dermatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chronic Endemic Hydroarsenicism 1093mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic endemic hydroarsenicism

Woollons

Russell‐Jones

1998

British Journal of Dermatology

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“…The birth and mortality data were reported by geographic locations. Since 1976, Chile has been stratified into regions numbered [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] from north to south. The regions have been further divided into provinces, and then into comunas (equivalent to counties in the United States).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The river was later found to have arsenic concentrations of approximately 800 pg/L. The first reported cases of chronic arsenic health effects in Antofagasta appeared in 1962 (44), and a number of publications followed (8,20,45,46). After 12 years of high arsenic exposure, an arsenic-removal plant was installed in 1970 at the public water supply company, which led to a subsequent decrease in arsenic concentrations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic arsenic exposure and risk of infant mortality in two areas of Chile.

Hopenhayn‐Rich

Browning

Hertz‐Picciotto

et al. 2000

Environ Health Perspect

194

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Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with a range of neurologic, vascular, dermatologic, and carcinogenic effects. However, limited research has been directed at the association of arsenic exposure and human reproductive health outcomes. The principal aim of this study was to investigate the trends in infant mortality between two geographic locations in Chile: Antofagasta, which has a well-documented history of arsenic exposure from naturally contaminated water, and Valparaíso, a comparable low-exposure city. The arsenic concentration in Antofagasta's public drinking water supply rose substantially in 1958 with the introduction of a new water source, and remained elevated until 1970. We used a retrospective study design to examine time and location patterns in infant mortality between 1950 and 1996, using univariate statistics, graphical techniques, and Poisson regression analysis. Results of the study document the general declines in late fetal and infant mortality over the study period in both locations. The data also indicate an elevation of the late fetal, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality rates for Antofagasta, relative to Valparaíso, for specific time periods, which generally coincide with the period of highest arsenic concentration in the drinking water of Antofagasta. Poisson regression analysis yielded an elevated and significant association between arsenic exposure and late fetal mortality [rate ratio (RR) = 1.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-1.9], neonatal mortality (RR = 1.53; CI, 1.4-1.7), and postneonatal mortality (RR = 1.26; CI, 1.2-1.3) after adjustment for location and calendar time. The findings from this investigation may support a role for arsenic exposure in increasing the risk of late fetal and infant mortality.ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5

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“…In USA the brown bullhead (Lctalurs nebulosus) has been shown to accumulate chromium to concentrations more than 2600 times that found in the stream water although this was still lower than the concentration in the stream sediment. In the IIIionis River the concentration of chromium in the muscles of omnivorous fish was found to be appreciably greater than that in the muscles of carnivorous fish although again the concentrations were less than that of the river sediment [7]. [8] explains that the average background concentrations of copper in air in rural areas range from 5 to 50 ng/m 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Trace Elements in Domestic Water Boreholes and Their Implications on Human Health, in Huruma Estate, Eldoret Municipality, Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya

Ndwiga¹

2014

JEP

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Trace elements constitute less than 1% of the rocks in the crust (Stumm and Morgan, 1991). In the human body, they constitute less than 100 mg/kg (0.01%). These elements are released to the environment naturally by weathering and volcanic activities (Flint and skinner, 1997). It has been observed that trace elements are greatly absorbed and retained in the body when in liquid diet. This phenomenon also influences the risk to human health, especially of infants and children whose immature digestive system further promote absorption of toxic heavy metals. The study was based on the analysis of domestic borehole water supplies in Huruma estate of Eldoret Municipality for selected trace elements and their implications on human health. The boreholes were systematically selected for sampling points and trace elements, Cr, Cu and Se analyzed using AAS. Statistical analysis for mean, standard deviation and confidence interval limits was done using SPSS. The statistical t-test was used to test for significance differences at (p = 0.05). The graphs were drawn using the Microsoft Excel package. The resulting data obtained from analysis were compared with WHO data for drinking water. In the study, the mean values of the following parameters were as follows: Chromium 17.9 µg/L, Copper 563 µg/L and Selenium 22.7 µg/L. There was a significant difference at 5% level of significance (p = 0.000) in all the parameter values among the sampling points in Huruma estate. The above mean values were far below the WHO recommended limits for drinking water. It was concluded that the borehole water from Huruma was fit for drinking and therefore could not cause cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, borehole water should be used if other water sources (tap water etc.) were not available. All the industries near Huruma estate should carefully analyze and regularly monitor their liquid waste effluents to ensure that no harmful discharges get into the soil.

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Arsenic in the Drinking Water of the City of Antofagasta: Epidemiological and Clinical Study before and after the Installation of a Treatment Plant

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Chronic endemic hydroarsenicism

Chronic endemic hydroarsenicism

Chronic arsenic exposure and risk of infant mortality in two areas of Chile.

Selected Trace Elements in Domestic Water Boreholes and Their Implications on Human Health, in Huruma Estate, Eldoret Municipality, Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya

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