“…Rapid conversion from As III to As V during soil, sediment and fly ash extraction has been observed in other studies (Ellwood and Maher, 2003;Wang et al, 1995). This transformation could be facilitated in the presence of some microorganisms (Ahmann et al, 1997;Cummings et al, 1999;Turpeinen et al, 1999;Wilkie and Hering, 1998) and in the presence of hydroxides of Fe, Al, and Mn (Driehaus et al, 1995;Manning et al, 2002;Matera et al, 2003;Mucci et al, 2000;Raven et al, 1998;Scott and Morgan, 1995;Takamatsu et al, 1985;Tournassat et al, 2002). PACS-2 contains fairly high concentrations of Fe (4.09 ± 0.06%), Al (6.62 ± 0.32%), and Mn (440 ± 19 μg/g).…”