Arsenic Speciation Techniques in Soil Water and Plant: An Overview

Abstract

There are more than 100 different arsenic with different characteristics in the soil-water-plant ecosystem. The identification and quantification of individual arsenic species is essential for understanding the distribution, environmental fate and behavior, metabolism and toxicity of arsenic. Due to the hazardous nature of arsenic, people have a high interest in the measurement of arsenic species. The reaction of the formation of arsenic speciation in the soil-water-plant environment is briefly studied. There is little information on methods used to quantify arsenic forms and species in contaminated soil, water and plant. The purpose of this article is to understand the available sample pretreatment, extraction, separation, detection and method validation techniques for arsenic speciation analysis of arsenic species in soil, water and plant. The performances of various sample preparation and extraction processes, as well as effective separation techniques, that contribute greatly to excellent sensitivity and selectivity in arsenic speciation when coupling with suitable detection mode, and method validity are discussed. The outlines of arsenic speciation techniques are discussed in view of the importance to the completeness and accuracy of analytical data in the soil-water-plant samples. To develop cheap, fast, sensitive, and reproducible techniques with low detection limits, still needed to confine research on arsenic speciation present in environmental matrices.

A review on arsenic in the environment: contamination, mobility, sources, and exposure

“…liquid–liquid, liquid–solid and solid phase extraction, sonication, pressurized liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, conventional sorbent, functional nanomaterials extractant, multi-sorbent based procedure, and derivatization of total arsenic were used. 93 Methanol or acetonitrile–water and methanol–chloroform or hexane are generally employed for extraction of polar arsenic and nonpolar species. A 1 mol L −1 phosphoric acid is adequate for extraction of arsenic species from soil and sediment samples.…”

Mine Site Restoration: The Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils

“…Arsenic exists in different forms in soil and plants, including arsenate (As[V]), arsenite (As[III]), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) [96]. When As is predominantly in the inorganic form, it is taken up by plants through root absorption, along with other nutrients.…”

Toxicity, arsenic speciation and characteristics of hyphenated techniques used for arsenic determination in vegetables. A review

“…84 In reality, optical spectroscopy is a useful tool for identifying As III , As V , DMA, MMA, AsC, AsB and TAMO as well as for detecting considerable hydride arsenosugars and thioarsenate production when used in conjunction with various separation methods and chemical modifiers. 85,86…”

“…84 In reality, optical spectroscopy is a useful tool for identifying As III , As V , DMA, MMA, AsC, AsB and TAMO as well as for detecting considerable hydride arsenosugars and thioarsenate production when used in conjunction with various separation methods and chemical modiers. 85,86 7.3.2 Atomic uorescence spectroscopy. The use of HPLC in conjunction with atomic uorescence spectrometry (AFS) for As speciation is now well established and effective.…”