Arsenic, the poison and poisoned groundwater of Bangladesh: A review

Uddin, Riaz; Saffoon, Nadia; Alam, Arshad

doi:10.3329/icpj.v1i1.9219

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Like arsenic, awareness can be increased through the government and non government program by using electronic media, mass media, print media etc. (Uddin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Awareness Of the Respondents About The Appropriate Healthcarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, belief and awareness of preferring traditional healthcare system in urban and rural people of Noakhali district, Bangladesh

et al. 2012

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Healthcare systems contribute a major role in maintaining good health. The study was conducted to analyze the prevalence, belief and awareness of preferring traditional healthcare systems in urban and rural people of Noakhali district of Bangladesh. Data were collected randomly from 400 respondents aging 20 to 60 years by personal interviewing with a well structured questionnaire during October 20, 2011 to December 20, 2011. Study stated that, overall 79% of the respondents were found to feel comfortable in using traditional healthcare system whereas only 21% prefer the modern system. Urban people showed their belief mostly in homeopathy (23%), ayurvedic/unani (18%) and herbal medicine (17%) of traditional healthcare system whereas Kaviraji (27%), herbal medicine (18%) and spiritual healing (11%) were the systems on which rural people showed their much faith and belief for the treatment of different ailments. Jaundice and sexual problems were the two dominant disease conditions for which traditional healthcare systems were most preferred by the respondents. Beside these 68% of urban and 88% of rural as well as 57.64% of educated and 97.82% of uneducated respondents were not aware about the appropriate healthcare system for different diseases. Belief in no side effect and safe remedy, mass population of the study area preferred different traditional healthcare systems but most of them were not aware about the exact therapy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i9.11611 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(9): 229-234

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“…Like arsenic, awareness can be increased through the government and non government program by using electronic media, mass media, print media etc. (Uddin et al, 2011).…”

Section: Awareness Of the Respondents About The Appropriate Healthcarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, belief and awareness of preferring traditional healthcare system in urban and rural people of Noakhali district, Bangladesh

et al. 2012

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“…There are an increasing number of complex active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) being developed which fall into the biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) classes II/IV and, hence, have poor solubility in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract exhibiting slow dissolution rate behavior with concomitantly low bioavailability. − The design of poorly soluble drug compounds to overcome these issues with bioavailability remains a persistent challenge due to an insufficient understanding of the optimal dissolution characteristics from first principles. Dissolution is also an important process in the wider chemical industry, such as the nuclear industry, and similar areas such as physics, biology, and environmental science. , Dissolution and crystal growth can be considered to be a series combination of mass transfer (diffusion down a concentration gradient away from/toward the crystal surface into/from the bulk solution) and crystal interfacial kinetics (the mechanism by which a molecule detaches or attaches itself from/to a crystal surface). , However, current dissolution models are still based on the Noyes-Whitney equation: normald m normald t = D δ A ( c * − c ) where the change in mass over time (d m /d t , kg s –1 ) is described by the diffusion coefficient ( D , m 2 s –1 ), boundary layer (BL) thickness (δ, m), surface area ( A , m 2 ), and the difference in the equilibrium solution concentration and the solute concentration in the bulk solution ( c * – c , kg m –3 ). − This model is based on bulk properties of the crystal and assumes diffusional processes govern dissolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Mass Transfer within the Crystal-Solution Boundary Layer of l-Alanine {120} Faces Using Laser Interferometry during Growth and Dissolution

Nicholson

Izumi

Lai

2023

Crystal Growth & Design

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Crystallization and dissolution are important processes to consider in drug development as well as many other industrial processes. Many current growth and dissolution models are based on bulk solution properties and do not implicitly consider concentration variation close to the crystal surface− solution interface and how this is mediated by solute diffusive mass transfer. Solution boundary layer thickness and concentration distribution, for the {120} crystal habit face of single crystals of Lalanine in saturated aqueous solutions during both growth and dissolution processes, is measured as a function of super/ undersaturation using a Mach−Zehnder optical interferometer system. Further analysis allows determination of the diffusion coefficient and mass flux within the boundary layer as well as whether the processes are controlled by mass transfer or crystal interfacial kinetics. The measurement of this study revealed that the {120} face was not saturated at its surface during growth or dissolution meaning both processes were somewhat limited by their crystal interfacial kinetics. Growth was limited by crystal interfacial kinetics at all supersaturations to the same degree, whereas dissolution had a mixed dependency on crystal interfacial kinetics and mass transfer at lower undersaturations becoming more limited by mass transfer at higher undersaturations. Boundary layer thickness increased with super/undersaturation but to a lesser degree than the increase in the concentration difference between the crystal surface and bulk solution leading to a higher mass flux of solute molecules through the boundary layer. At the same relative super/undersaturation mass flux of solute molecules was faster during dissolution which was concurrent with its increased surface to bulk solution concentration difference and boundary layer thickness.

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“…This linker, which increased the peptide-dye distance,w as introduced to avoid overlap of the dye with the receptor-recognizing pharmacophore of the peptidec arrier. [27] The obtained OCTA-G-XCy conjugate was then coupled to the anticancer drug CLB to form an ovel TDD system,O CTA-G-XCy-CLB,t hat was demonstrated to enable fluorescence monitoring of drug release within the NIR spectral region.C LB was bound to XCy by meanso fahydrolytically cleavable ester bond, which is knownt ob ep redominantly hydrolyzedi n tumors under physiological conditions in the presence of esterases. [28] At the same time, the ester linker is provent ob e stable enoughi nt he bloodstream for targeted delivery of these agents to cancer tissue, and therefore, it is used for the conjugation of variousa nticancer agents, such as camptothecin and doxorubicin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide‐Driven Targeted Drug‐Delivery System Comprising Turn‐On Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Xanthene–Cyanine Reporter for Real‐Time Monitoring of Drug Release

et al. 2019

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Targeted drug delivery (TDD) is an efficient strategy for cancer treatment. However, the real‐time monitoring of drug delivery is still challenging because of a pronounced lack of TDD systems capable of providing a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence signal for the detection of drug‐release events. Herein, a new TDD system, comprising a turn‐on NIR fluorescent reporter attached to an anticancer drug and targeting peptide, is reported. This system provides both TDD and NIR fluorescence monitoring of drug‐release events in target tissue. In this TDD system, a new carboxy‐derivatized xanthene–cyanine (XCy) dye is attached to an anticancer drug, chlorambucil (CLB), through a hydrolytically cleavable ester linker and coupled to a targeting peptide, octreotide amide (OCTA), which is specific to somatostatin receptors SSTR‐2 and STTR‐5 overexpressed on many tumor cells. This OCTA‐G‐XCy‐CLB (G: γ‐aminobutyric acid) conjugate exhibits no detectable fluorescence, whereas, upon the hydrolytic cleavage of the ester linker, a bright NIR fluorescence appears at λ≈710 nm; this signals release of the drug. Real‐time TDD monitoring is demonstrated for the example of the human pancreatic cancer cell line overexpressing SSTR‐2 and STTR‐5, in comparison with the noncancerous Chinese hamster ovary cell line, which contains a reduced number of these receptors.

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Arsenic, the poison and poisoned groundwater of Bangladesh: A review

Abstract: DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i1.9219 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2011, 1(1): 12-17

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence, belief and awareness of preferring traditional healthcare system in urban and rural people of Noakhali district, Bangladesh

Prevalence, belief and awareness of preferring traditional healthcare system in urban and rural people of Noakhali district, Bangladesh

Characterization of Mass Transfer within the Crystal-Solution Boundary Layer of l-Alanine {120} Faces Using Laser Interferometry during Growth and Dissolution

Peptide‐Driven Targeted Drug‐Delivery System Comprising Turn‐On Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Xanthene–Cyanine Reporter for Real‐Time Monitoring of Drug Release

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