Arsenobetaine and other arsenic compounds in the National Research Council of Canada Certified Reference Materials DORM 1 and DORM 2

Goessler, Walter; Kuehnelt, Doris; Schlagenhaufen, Claudia; Šlejkovec, Zdenka; Irgolic, Kurt J.

doi:10.1039/a705634f

Cited by 100 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…4,7,8,11 The slightly lower concentration of AB found by extraction with water corresponds to the results of Londesborough et al 10 However, Mattusch and Wennrich reported an AB concentration of 16.5 mg As kg À1 dry mass obtained by extraction with water. 9 The presence of TMAO published by one working group as 0.4 mg As kg À1 dry mass 10 was not confirmed by our work, although this concentration is above the detection limit of our method.…”

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confidence: 79%

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Comparison of three methods for the extraction of arsenic compounds from the NRCC standard reference material DORM‐2 and the brown alga Hijiki fuziforme

Kuehnelt

Irgolic

Goessler

2001

Applied Organom Chemis

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The NRCC standard reference material DORM-2 and the marine brown alga Hijiki fuziforme were extracted with water, methanol/water (9 1), and 1.5 M orthophosphoric acid. The extracts from DORM-2 were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS for arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, trimethylarsine oxide, and the tetramethylarsonium cation and the extracts from H. fuziforme for arsenous acid, arsenic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, methylarsonic acid, and four arsenoriboses. Almost no differences between the three extractants were observed when DORM-2 was investigated. Only arsenobetaine was slightly better extracted with 1.5 M orthophosphoric acid or methanol/water (9 1) than with water. The sum of all extractable compounds (arsenobetaine, the tetramethylarsonium cation, and a formerly unknown compound recently identified as the trimethyl(2-carboxyethyl)arsonium ion) accounted for 94% of the total arsenic when 1.5 M orthophosphoric acid was used, for 92% when methanol/water (9 1) was used, and for 87% when water was used. Significant differences in the extraction yields obtained for the alga were observed for arsenic acid and one of the arsenoriboses ('glycerol-ribose'). Orthophosphoric acid removed twice as much of this ribose from the algal material than water and three times more than methanol/water (9 1). Arsenic acid was 1.2 times better extracted with orthophosphoric acid than with water and ten times better than with methanol/water (9 1). Almost no differences in the extraction yields were found for dimethylarsinic acid and the other three riboses. Orthophosphoric acid extracted 76%, water 65%, and methanol/water 33% of the total arsenic from H. fuziforme.

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“…4 Many different extractants and extraction methods have been applied to this SRM. DORM-2, the successor to DORM-1, has recently been certified for arsenobetaine (AB; 16.4 AE 1.1 mg As kg…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of three methods for the extraction of arsenic compounds from the NRCC standard reference material DORM‐2 and the brown alga Hijiki fuziforme

Kuehnelt

Irgolic

Goessler

2001

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…4B). This compound, also detected in extracts of the NRCC dogfish reference materials DORM1 and DORM2, 27,32 cannot be one of the dimethyl(ribosyl)arsine oxides that have been identified so far. 2 Under the chromatographic conditions used for the separation of the arsenic compounds in the liver extracts, dimethyl(ribosyl)-arsine oxides are clearly separated from this unknown compound (Figs 3A, 3B).…”

Section: Other Arsenic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Determination of arsenic compounds in marine mammals with high-performance liquid chromatography and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as element-specific detector

Goessler

Rudorfer

Mackey

et al. 1998

Appl. Organometal. Chem.

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Total arsenic concentrations and the concentrations of individual arsenic compounds were determined in liver samples of pinnipeds [nine ringed seals (Phoca hispida), one bearded seal (Erginathus barbatus)] and cetaceans [two pilot whales (Globicephalus melas), one beluga whale (Deliphinapterus leucus)]. Total arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.167 to 2.40 mg As kg−1 wet mass. The arsenic compounds extracted from the liver samples with a methanol/water mixture (9:1, v/v) were identified and quantified by anion‐ and cation‐exchange chromatography. An ICP–MS equipped with a hydraulic high‐pressure nebulizer served as the arsenic‐specific detector. Arsenobetaine (0.052–1.67 mg As kg−1 wet mass) was the predominant arsenic compound in all the liver samples. Arsenocholine was present in all livers (0.005–0.044 mg As kg−1 wet mass). The tetramethylarsonium cation was detected in all pinnipeds (<0.009 to 0.043 mg As kg−1) but not in any of the cetaceans. The concentration of dimethylarsinic acid ranged from < 0.001 to 0.109 mg As kg−1 wet mass. Most of the concentrations for methylarsonic acid (<0.001 to 0.025 mg As kg−1 wet mass) were below the detection limit. Arsenous acid and arsenic acid concentrations were below the detection limit of the method (0.001 mg As kg−1). An unknown arsenic compound was present in all liver samples at concentrations from 0.002–0.027 mg As kg−1. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Plasma samples were extracted with a methanol:water mixture, 9:1 v/v (Goessler et al 1998a) followed by ion-exchange chromatography to separate quaternary arsonium compounds (AsB) from inorganic and anionic organic forms of arsenic (chemical symbol As) potentially present in samples and also to remove phosphate, which interferes with arsenic determination by GF-AAS (Welz & Sperling 1999). Exclusion of inorganic arsenic (H 3 AsO 4(aq) at equimolar concentration of AsB) and of phosphate (K 2 HPO 4(aq) , 800 ppm) was confirmed in preliminary experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of food intake in a marine mammal using marine osmolytes and their analogues as dietary biomarkers

Eisert¹,

Oftedal²,

Lever³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We report a novel method of investigating foraging in marine mammals based on detecting biomarkers of strictly dietary origin in blood. Arsenobetaine (AsB), the arsenic analogue of the osmolyte glycine betaine, and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an osmolyte used by marine fish and invertebrates, were measured in plasma of lactating Weddell seals Leptonychotes weddellii during the postpartum fast and at different stages of lactation. Plasma dietary biomarker concentrations were low in early lactation ( ). In lactating females (n = 6) monitored longitudinally, plasma TMAO remained low for the first 3 wk p.p. Increases in AsB concentrations observed in late lactation were closely correlated (Pearson correlation r = 0.96, p < 0.01, n = 6) with increases in plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a growth factor known to reflect nutritional status in other mammals. Two seals outfitted with time-depth recorders began regular deep diving at different times p.p. and showed corresponding differences in biomarker concentrations. Our results indicate that (1) most lactating Weddell seals at the study site (70% of 20 seals studied) feed after 3 to 4 wk p.p., (2) individual lactating Weddell seals may forage as early as 9 d p.p., and (3) some Weddell seals may consume little or no food throughout lactation. Dietary biomarkers provide a simple method for distinguishing feeding and fasting in freeliving marine mammals.

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Arsenobetaine and other arsenic compounds in the National Research Council of Canada Certified Reference Materials DORM 1 and DORM 2

Cited by 100 publications

References 9 publications

Comparison of three methods for the extraction of arsenic compounds from the NRCC standard reference material DORM‐2 and the brown alga Hijiki fuziforme

Comparison of three methods for the extraction of arsenic compounds from the NRCC standard reference material DORM‐2 and the brown alga Hijiki fuziforme

Determination of arsenic compounds in marine mammals with high-performance liquid chromatography and an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer as element-specific detector

Detection of food intake in a marine mammal using marine osmolytes and their analogues as dietary biomarkers

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